Carbohydrate vs protein supplementation for recovery of neuromuscular function following prolonged load carriage

Blacker, Sam D.; Williams, Neil C.; Fallowfield, Joanne L.; Bilzon, James L. J.; Willems, Mark E. T.

doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-2

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This not only resulted in muscle soreness, lower pressure pain thresholds, and a decrease in maximum isometric contraction force, but was sensitive to moderation from a pre-trial vibrotactile stimulation. A similar design was used by Blacker et al [5], who asked participants to walk for 2 hours carrying a 25-kg backpack at 6.5 km/h. This resulted in a significant decrease in maximum force contraction, however, data for pain levels were not reported.…”

Section: Analogue Versions Of Muscle Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for studying naturally occurring human pain and their analogues

Moore

Keogh

Crombez

et al. 2013

Pain

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Methods for investigating human pain have been developed over the last 100 years.Typically researchers focus on people with clinical pain, or on healthy participants undergoing laboratory controlled pain-induction techniques focussed mostly on exogenously generated skin nociception. Less commonly investigated are acute pain experiences that emerge naturally. Six common painful complaints were identified: headache, muscular pain, visceral pain, menstrual pain, dental pain, and pain associated with Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. Methods used to recruit participants with the natural occurrence of each pain complaint were identified, and features of their use reviewed. Also reviewed were experimental analogues designed to mimic these pains, with the exception of menstrual pain. Headache and menstrual pain appear to be most effectively researched in their naturally occurring form, whereas muscle and dental pain may be more easily induced. URTI and abdominal pain provide further challenges for researchers. Summary guidance is offered, and directions for methods development outlined.

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Section: Analogue Versions Of Muscle Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for studying naturally occurring human pain and their analogues

Moore

Keogh

Crombez

et al. 2013

Pain

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“…Participants walked for 60 min, 0% gradient and 6.5km·h -1 carrying a 25 kg backpack (hereon referred to as LC) (5,13). Following 15 min of seated recovery participants then completed a 2.4 km time-trial whilst bearing the load (LCTT) where the speed of the treadmill was manually adjusted by the individual to complete the distance in the quickest time possible (13).…”

Section: Experimental Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preloaded Time Trial to Assess Load Carriage Performance

Faghy

Brown

2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Purpose:The relevance and importance of load carriage in recreational and occupational tasks has stimulated a large body of research. Exercise protocols have been criticised for a lack of relevance to occupational activities; accordingly the aim of this study was to assess the reliability of a preloaded time-trial protocol for load carriage assessment. Methods:After full familiarisation, eight healthy males performed two trials separated by one week. Each trial comprised 60min walking at 6.5km·h -1 and 0% gradient (LC), 15 min seated recovery followed by a 2.4km time-trial (LCTT). All trials were performed wearing a 25 kg backpack. Results:Performance time was 16.71 ± 1.82 min and 16.37 ± 1.78 min for LCTT one and two respectively; with a mean difference of -0.34 ± 0.89 min. Using log ratio limits of agreement the mean bias was 1.02 and random error component of the agreement ratio was 1.11. The intra-class correlation (ICC) was 0.85, coefficient of variation (CV) was 10.5% and Cohen's d was 0.35. The protocol demonstrated a very good level of reliability. Conclusions:We present a novel and reliable pre-loaded time-trial protocol that more closely reflects operational activities and can be used to quantify load carriage performance. This protocol provides greater ecologically validity with respect to physical demands of load carriage activities than those adopted previously and provides an excellent tool for the strength and conditioning practitioner to assess individual load carriage performance.

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“…Reductions in the force producing capability of knee, trunk, ankle and shoulder flexors and extensor muscles have been observed following similar load carriage protocols (Blacker et al 2010;Clarke et al 1955). However, carbohydrate supplementation during load carriage has no effect on the decrements in force immediately after exercise (Blacker et al 2010), which supports the findings of the present study of no difference in EMG activity between PLA and CHO. Carbohydrate supplementation was shown to have a beneficial effect on the recovery of neuromuscular function 72 h after load carriage, but this may have been due to supplement consumption during exercise and/or recovery (Blacker et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These data suggest individual differences in neuromuscular adaptation during exercise which are unlikely to have been detected when measuring maximal force production of a muscle group (e.g. knee extensors and flexors) (Blacker et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of a carbohydrate beverage on the physiological responses during prolonged load carriage

Blacker

Williams

Fallowfield³

et al. 2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Effects of a carbohydrate beverage on the physiological responses to load carriage were examined. Ten fit male participants (age: 28 ± 9 years, body mass: 81.5 ± 10.5 kg, VO(2max): 55.0 ± 5.5 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) completed two test conditions in random order, walking on a treadmill (6.5 km h(-1)) for 120 min, carrying a 25-kg backpack. At 0 and 60 min of exercise participants consumed 250 mL of a placebo (flavoured water) (PLA) or 6.4% carbohydrate (CHO) beverage. There were no differences in VO(2,) respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate or EMG activity of m. rectus femoris, m. vastus lateralis, m. semitendinosus and m. biceps femoris between conditions at minute 5 of exercise. The increase in VO(2) between minutes 5 and 120 was less during CHO than PLA (8 ± 5 vs. 14 ± 6%, P = 0.036). RER decreased during PLA, from 0.96 ± 0.05 at minute 5 to 0.87 ± 0.04 at minute 120 (P < 0.001), but not during CHO (P = 0.056). Heart rate increased between minutes 5 and 120 during PLA (16 ± 10%, P< 0.001) and CHO (12 ± 6%, P < 0.001), with no difference between conditions (P = 0.251). EMG peak RMS did not change between minutes 7 and 107 during PLA or CHO for the leg muscles. However, individual responses in EMG were highly variable (i.e. both increases and decreases in RMS). It was concluded that carbohydrate intake during load carriage reduced the VO(2) drift, which could be partially attributed to higher carbohydrate oxidation rates. Despite muscle fatigue/damage previously being identified as a cause of VO(2) drift, it appears that carbohydrate had no effect on neuromuscular responses during load carriage.

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Carbohydrate vs protein supplementation for recovery of neuromuscular function following prolonged load carriage

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Methods for studying naturally occurring human pain and their analogues

Methods for studying naturally occurring human pain and their analogues

Preloaded Time Trial to Assess Load Carriage Performance

The effect of a carbohydrate beverage on the physiological responses during prolonged load carriage

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