Carbohydrates

Pomeranz, Y.; Meloan, Clifton E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6998-5_36

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The starchy raw materials were analyzed to determine the content of moisture, total nitrogen reducing sugars and starch using recommended methods of the agricultural and food industries. The vitreousness of the starchy endosperm was determined by optical characterization of a transverse sectional area of the grains using a hand magnifier (magnification: ×5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of native rye, wheat and triticale starch

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND The increasing global demand for starchy raw material requires new methods for obtaining ethanol from a range of plants using environmentally friendly methods. Granular starch‐hydrolyzing enzymes (GSHE) can effectively support the development of the distillery industry. RESULTS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of native rye, wheat or triticale starch. Mashes were prepared using methods that limit water and energy consumption (pre‐hydrolysis at 35 °C for 30 min). The results show that the degree of starch saccharification depended on the raw material. However, the highest yields of ethanol were obtained with 100 kg of triticale mashes (38.9 ± 1.4 L absolute alcohol) as compared to rye and wheat mashes. The concentration of dry matter (between 250 and 280 g L−1) in the mashes was not associated with a decrease in ethanol yield and improved efficiency in the case of wheat and triticale. CONCLUSION Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation offers a low‐cost and environmentally friendly alternative to existing procedures for industrial ethanol production, which may be of particular interest to raw‐spirit producers, as well as to the food and fermentation industry at large. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of native rye, wheat and triticale starch

et al. 2019

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“…Moisture, ashes, total lipids and crude protein ( N × 6.25) were measured as shown in Table 2 . In addition, the total carbohydrate content was analyzed by difference (% carbohydrates = 100 − % moisture − % proteins − % lipids − % minerals) [ 14 ]. Quantifications of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) of the diets were carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and using ICP-EOS Variant 730-ES (Kyoto, Japan) equipment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Mineral Density, Mechanical, Microstructural Properties and Mineral Content of the Femur in Growing Rats Fed with Cactus Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) Cladodes as Calcium Source in Diet

et al. 2017

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Mechanical, microstructural properties, mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur were evaluated in growing rats fed with Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) cladodes at different maturity stages as calcium source. Male weanling rats were fed with cladodes at early maturity stage (25 and 60 days of age, belonging to groups N-60 and N-200, respectively) and cladodes at late maturity stage (100 and 135 days of age, belonging to groups N-400 and N-600, respectively) for 6 weeks. Additionally, a control group fed with calcium carbonate as calcium source was included for comparative purposes. All diets were fitted to the same calcium content (5 g/kg diet). The failure load of femurs was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in groups N-60 and N-200 in comparison to N-400, N-600 and control groups. The cortical width (Ct.Wi) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the femurs in control and N-600 groups were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than Ct.Wi and Tb.Th of femurs in groups N-60 and N-200. Trabecular separation of the femurs in N-60 and N-200 groups showed the highest values compared with all experimental groups. The highest calcium content in the femurs were observed in control, N-600 and N-400 groups; whereas the lowest phosphorus content in the bones were detected in N-200, N-600 and N-400 groups. Finally, the BMD in all experimental groups increased with age; nevertheless, the highest values were observed in N-600 and control groups during pubertal and adolescence stages. The results derived from this research demonstrate, for the first time, that the calcium found in Opuntia ficus indica cladodes is actually bioavailable and capable of improving mineral density and mechanical and microstructural properties of the bones. These findings suggest that the consumption of cladodes at late maturity stage within the diet might have a beneficial impact on bone health.

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“…A reação de desidratação inicial é seguida pela formação de derivados de furano, os quais se condensam com compostos fenólicos produzindo compostos coloridos (Figura 56). A absorbância é diretamente proporcional à concentração de açúcar (Pomeranz et al, 1994;Susan et al, 2004).…”

Section: Estereoquímica Relativa Do áCido Pterândricounclassified

“…Para confirmar as observações acima selecionamos um dentre as várias metodologias para analisar açúcares por CG-EM (Brummer et al, 2005Susan et al, 2004Higgins et al, 1994;Pomeranz et al, 1994) a metodologia selecionada envolve a derivatização dos carboidratos (glicose, galactose, manose e xilose) em alditóis peracetilados. Esta metodologia evita o problema dos diastereoisômeros formados pelos carbonos anoméricos (Higgins et al, 1994) A redução de cetoses, ao contrário da redução de aldoses, leva à formação de um novo centro assimétrico que gera consequentemente dois alditóis, deste modo, a derivatização da D-frutose leva à produção do hexaacetato de D-glicitol e do hexaacetato de D-manitol (Jaroslav et al, 1963) Dessa forma, a análise por RMN permitiu confirmar a formação dos produtos de interesse, uma vez que os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com os dados da literatura (Angyal et al, 1972(Angyal et al, , 1974(Angyal et al, e 1980.…”

Section: Identificação Dos Carboidratos No Alimento Larval Dos Ninhosunclassified

Química das recompensas florais de Krameriaceae e e Malpighiaceae do cerrado

Haleem¹,

Marsaioli²

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O papel dos óleos florais na atração dos polinizadores (abelhas solitárias) é recorrente em várias famílias de angiospermas. Neste estudo foram analisados (CG-EM/IE, ESI-EM, e RMN de 1D de 2D) óleos florais de Malpighiaceae de 33 espécies simpátricas do cerrado pertencentes aos gêneros Banisteriopsis, Byrsonima, Camerea, Heteropterys, Peixotoa, Pterandra, e Tetrapterys e de 48 Krameriaceae. As análises revelaram a presença de ácidos graxos substituídos com cadeias de 18 a 24 átomos de carbono e com dois substituintes, 3,7diacetoxi, ou 3-hidroxi-7-acetoxi, ou 3,9-diacetoxi, ou 5,7-diacetoxi ou 5,9-diacetoxi. Os ácidos graxos substituídos em 3 e 7 ocorrem predominantemente nos óleos florais de Byrsonima, Heteropterys, Peixotoa reticulate. Os ácidos graxos com dois grupos acetoxi nos carbonos 3 e 9 ocorrem nos óleos florais de Banisteriopsis. Os óleos florais de Peixotoa goina e Tetraptenys jussieuniana são compostos por uma mistura de acilglicerois. A composição química do óleo floral de Pterandra pyroidea é bastante simples e constituída de 4 ácidos graxos sendo que 2 destes apresentaram substituintes nas posições 5 e 7 distinguindo-se dos óleos florais das outras Malpighiaceae. O ácido anti-5,7-diacetoxidocosanóico é o constituinte majoritário deste óleo e sua estrutura foi confirmada por síntese, e caracterizado por espectrometria de massas, RMN de 1 H e 13 C, e finalmente denominado de ácido Pterandrico. Os óleos florais de Krameriaceae possuem também ácido de 18 a 24 átomos de carbono com somente um substituinte acetoxi (-OAc) ou hidroxi (-OH) na posição β. O segundo capítulo da tese se propôs a desvendar a relação entre as recompensas florais (néctar e pólen) do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum) e a provisões encontradas no ninho da abelha solitária Tetrapedia diversipes. Nossas análises revelaram a presença de carboidratos e proteínas nas provisões do ninho de T. diversipes e no pólen de manjericão (O. basilicum). Identificação e caracterização dos constituintes do pólen de Ocimum basilicum e das provisões do ninho de T. diversipes confirmou a presença de glicose, galactose, manose e xilose em ambos. Análises por CG-EM revelaram que galactose e glicose são os constituintes majoritários enquanto que xilose e manose são carboidratos minoritários no pólen e nas provisões do ninho. As semelhanças dos perfis dos carboidratos do pólen de O. basilicum e das provisões dos ninhos de T. diversipes

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Carbohydrates

Cited by 7 publications

References 112 publications

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of native rye, wheat and triticale starch

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of native rye, wheat and triticale starch

Bone Mineral Density, Mechanical, Microstructural Properties and Mineral Content of the Femur in Growing Rats Fed with Cactus Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) Cladodes as Calcium Source in Diet

Química das recompensas florais de Krameriaceae e e Malpighiaceae do cerrado

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