Carbohydrates in Relation to Soil Fertility

Cheshire, M. V.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5105-1_8

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Microorganisms contribute actively to the stability of microaggregates (Cheshire, 1985;Lynch and Bragg, 1985;Haynes and Swift, 1990). Living microorganisms can adhere to soil minerals by forming direct electrostatic bonds (Huang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Type and Composition Of Organic Matter Involved In Microaggrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microaggregates in soils

Totsche

Amelung

Gerzabek

et al. 2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

712

439

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All soils harbor microaggregates, i.e., compound soil structures smaller than 250 μm. These microaggregates are composed of diverse mineral, organic and biotic materials that are bound together during pedogenesis by various physical, chemical and biological processes. Consequently, microaggregates can withstand strong mechanical and physicochemical stresses and survive slaking in water, allowing them to persist in soils for several decades. Together with the physiochemical heterogeneity of their surfaces, the three-dimensional structure of microaggregates provides a large variety of ecological niches that contribute to the vast biological diversity found in soils. As reported for larger aggregate units, microaggregates are composed of smaller building units that become more complex with increasing size. In this context, organo-mineral associations can be considered structural units of soil aggregates and as nanoparticulate fractions of the microaggregates themselves. The mineral phases considered to be the most important as microaggregate forming materials are the clay minerals and Fe-and Al-(hydr)oxides. Within microaggregates, minerals are bound together primarily by physicochemical and chemical interactions involving cementing and gluing agents. The former comprise, among others, carbonates and the short-range ordered phases of Fe, Mn, and Al. The latter comprise organic materials of diverse origin and probably involve macromolecules and macromolecular mixtures. Work on microaggregate structure and development has largely focused on organic matter stability and turnover. However, little is known concerning the role microaggregates play in the fate of elements like Si, Fe, Al, P, and S. More recently, the role of microaggregates in the formation of microhabitats and the biogeography and diversity of microbial communities has been investigated. Little is known regarding how microaggregates and their properties change in time, which strongly limits our understanding of micro-scale soil structure dynamics. Similarly, only limited information is available on the mechanical stability of microaggregates, while essentially nothing is known about the flow and transport of fluids and solutes within the micro-and nanoporous microaggregate systems. Any quantitative approaches being developed for the modeling of formation, structure and properties of microaggregates are, therefore, in their infancy. We respond to the growing awareness of the importance of microaggregates for the structure, properties and functions of soils by reviewing what is currently known about the formation, composition and turnover of microaggregates. We aim to provide a better understanding of their role in soil function, and to present the major unknowns in current microaggregate research. We propose a harmonized concept for aggregates in soils that explicitly considers the structure and build-up of microaggregates and the role of organo-mineral associations. We call for experiments, studies and modeling endeavors that will link informatio...

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Section: Type and Composition Of Organic Matter Involved In Microaggrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microaggregates in soils

Totsche

Amelung

Gerzabek

et al. 2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

712

439

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“…Four soils showed a significant increase after exposure, likely linked to the alteration of organic matter, during which some carbohydrates bound to the soil matrix became extractable. Carbohydrates of both plant and microbial origin are abundant in soil and are involved in biological nutrition, aggregation, and the behavior of water in soil (Cheshire, ; Clapp et al, ), so the observed light‐induced release (solubilization) of carbohydrates may favor their participation in these processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Light Elicits a Spectrum of Chemical Changes in Soil

2019

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The significance of photochemically active solar radiation is well substantiated in Earth's air and water environments, but no broad connection has yet been ascertained between sunlight and the chemical properties of land surfaces. Since it is obvious that sunlight strikes Earth every day, an inquiry into this connection was made in a simple experiment with a diverse group of 20 soils. Light‐induced alteration of most of the major elements in soil was evident, including significant changes in dissolved organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, pH, phosphorus availability and sorption capacity, and soluble and mineral forms of iron, manganese, aluminum, silicon, and calcium. In many instances the extent of these changes could be predicted from initial values. This broad response to light attests to the vivid photochemistry of soils and has both pedological and edaphological implications that reach beyond the surface. The phenomena reported here affirm the opportunity for novel inquiries into the chemistry of soils and land surfaces in general.

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“…In the last two decades, many studies of carbohydrates in soil have been made on the function, such as the aggregating effect and water retention (Cheshire 1985). Carbohydrates in soil, which are mostly present in the form of polysaccharides, originate from dead plant tissue, root exudates, and microorganisms (Cheshire 1977(Cheshire , 1985. Straw provides the major available substrate for microorganisms in the plow layer of arable soil, whereas root exudates as well as dead roots contribute to the substrate pool in the subsoil (Lynch 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of neutral sugars in acid hydrolysates of rice straw and straw compost by high resolution gas chromatography

Sugahara

Washio

Akimori

et al. 1992

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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A mixture of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of sugar O-methyloximes was separated in a fused silica capillary column. This method permits the rapid and accurate determination of neutral sugars in acid hydrolysates of rice straw and straw compost. The amount of each sugar was corrected by using the regression equation that relates the peak area ratio to the molar ratio of the sugar versus inositol in acid hydrolysates. After hydrolysis in trifluoroacetic acid, xylose was released predominantly from the residue left after the hot-water extraction of rice straw and the compost. The extraction procedures proposed here can be used for the characterization of hot-water soluble carbohydrates, xylan-like hemicellulose, and cellulose. One gram of rice straw contained 1.35 mmol xylose, 0.28 mmol arabinose, and 2.52 mmol glucose. Small amounts of rhamnose, fucose, mannose, and galactose were released from rice straw, whereas ribose was hardly detected. On the other hand, 1 g of a well-matured straw compost contained 0.14 mmol xylose, 0.04 mmol arabinose, and 0.27 mmol glucose; these values were about one tenth of those for rice straw.

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Carbohydrates in Relation to Soil Fertility

Cited by 17 publications

References 89 publications

Microaggregates in soils

Microaggregates in soils

Exposure to Light Elicits a Spectrum of Chemical Changes in Soil

Determination of neutral sugars in acid hydrolysates of rice straw and straw compost by high resolution gas chromatography

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