Carbohydrates: Occurrence, Structures and Chemistry

Lichtenthaler, Frieder W.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_079.pub2

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…18,19 All the other chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received. 1 H NMR measurements were conducted with a Bruker 500 MHz spectrometer at RT, either in DMSO-d 6 or D 2 O. Molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were determined with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) at 30°C. The system was equipped with PSS GRAM 100 Å and PSS GRAM 3000 Å columns and Waters 2414 Refractive Index Detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 These methods often require separate approaches for different functional groups to be attached, and preparation of polysaccharide derivative sets containing a wide range of functional groups can therefore be laborious. It would be beneficial to develop modular functionalization reactions for polysaccharides that can attach different functionalities without extensive adjustment of reaction conditions, or need to use protecting groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modular modification of xylan with UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction

Nurmi

Salminen

Setälä

2015

Carbohydrate Research

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular modification of xylan with UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction

Nurmi

Salminen

Setälä

2015

Carbohydrate Research

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“…For instance, polyanhydrides are a desirable polymer for DDSs as they offer a shorter release profile than polyester-based nanoparticles [87]. Additionally, polysaccharides are frequently used polymers, as they are natural biopolymers composed of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds [88]. Polysaccharide-based NPs are the second most commonly used type of polymeric nanoparticles for the encapsulation of AMPs, due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, low-cost and wide availability from a range of resources.…”

Section: Polymeric Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Advances in Lipid and Polymeric Antimicrobial Peptide Delivery Systems and Coatings for the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Infections

et al. 2021

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Bacterial infections constitute a threat to public health as antibiotics are becoming less effective due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains and biofilm and persister formation. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered excellent alternatives to antibiotics; however, they suffer from limitations related to their peptidic nature and possible toxicity. The present review critically evaluates the chemical characteristics and antibacterial effects of lipid and polymeric AMP delivery systems and coatings that offer the promise of enhancing the efficacy of AMPs, reducing their limitations and prolonging their half-life. Unfortunately, the antibacterial activities of these systems and coatings have mainly been evaluated in vitro against planktonic bacteria in less biologically relevant conditions, with only some studies focusing on the antibiofilm activities of the formulated AMPs and on the antibacterial effects in animal models. Further improvements of lipid and polymeric AMP delivery systems and coatings may involve the functionalization of these systems to better target the infections and an analysis of the antibacterial activities in biologically relevant environments. Based on the available data we proposed which polymeric AMP delivery system or coatings could be profitable for the treatment of the different hard-to-treat infections, such as bloodstream infections and catheter- or implant-related infections.

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“…The aim is to hydrolyse the fructans as completely as possible while avoiding consecutive reactions (mainly dehydration to HMF). Usually hydrochloric acid (HCl) [37], trichloroacetic acid (TFA) [16] or H2SO4 [26] is used with or without subsequent neutralisation, depending, inter alia, on the hexose equivalent analysis method (e.g., in case of acid sensitive HPLC columns). If performed, neutralisation is commonly done by addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) or CaCO3, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or acid removal in case of TFA [16,26,37].…”

Section: Optimisation Of the Acidic Fructan Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of the terminal glucose unit missing (e.g., due to partial hydrolysis), a fructan only consists of fructose molecules (Fn-type) and thus has a reducing end. This fact is important as carbohydrate analysis frequently makes use of this reducing character (e.g., colorimetric methods using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) and hence does not include native non reducing fructans [16,24,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Fructans in Bioethanol Stillage Based On a Simplified Analytical Method

Zimmermann¹,

Kaltschmitt²

2021

Preprint

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Bioethanol stillage, the main by-product of industrial bioethanol production, is a potential substrate for fructans. However, the determination and quantification of fructans in such complex sample matrices is still a challenge for the corresponding analytics to be overcome in order to allow for the identification and utilisation of such unused fructan sources. Especially a possible utilisation or rather the corresponding process development requires appropriate analytics first. Thus, this paper aims to illuminate the basics of fructan quantification in stillage and the corresponding challenges particularly arising with widely used HPLC-RID systems. On this basis, a new approach for fructan quantification is presented based on such HPLC-RID systems allowing for a reliable and especially simple fructan determination in bioethanol stillage for comparably high sample throughput. The developed method performs fructan quantification by determination of fructose and glucose equivalents after a targeted acidic hydrolysis adapted to the respective sample matrix. By means of two different stationary phases, the problem of limited resolution in case of HPLC-RID is overcome and thus measurement errors are reduced. The approach towards the adapted analytical method can be transferred easily to comparable complex sample matrices.

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Carbohydrates: Occurrence, Structures and Chemistry

Cited by 19 publications

References 108 publications

Modular modification of xylan with UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction

Modular modification of xylan with UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction

Current Advances in Lipid and Polymeric Antimicrobial Peptide Delivery Systems and Coatings for the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Infections

Quantification of Fructans in Bioethanol Stillage Based On a Simplified Analytical Method

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