Carbohydrates of rapeseed: A review

Siddiqui, Iqbal R.; Wood, Peter

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740280610

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Similarly, the fact that arabinose and rhamnose are grouped together indicates the presence of polysaccharides containing these two sugars, most probably pectin. These results are substantiated by earlier findings (Siddiqui and Wood 1977), where cellulose, pectin (containing galacturonic acid and rhamnose in the main chain and mainly arabinose in the side chains) and xyloglucan (with or without fucose) are reported to be the major polysaccharides in rapeseed. Arabinogalactan, arabinan and small amounts of acidic xylan were also found to be present in the seeds.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

Chemical composition in varieties of rapeseed and turnip rapeseed, including several samples of hull and dehulled seed

1994

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Varieties of spring rapeseed (n = lo), winter rapeseed (n = 12), spring turnip rapeseed (n = 11) and winter turnip rapeseed (n = 3) were analysed for contents of dietary fibre (DF) constituents, crude fat, crude protein and ash. Most of the varieties were of the double-low type but four single-low winter rapeseed varieties and seven yellow-seeded (triple-low) varieties were also investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) made it possible to divide the varieties into different groups. One group, including winter rapeseed varieties and the winter turnip rapeseed variety Kova, generally had high crude fat contents (432-492 g kg-' whole seed, DM), low crude protein (181-221 g kg-') and ash contents (32-38 g kg-'). Another group, consisting of the yellow-seeded spring turnip rapeseed varieties, had a lower mean content of DF (150 g kg-'), due to low content of Klason lignin, than the other categories of varieties (mean contents: 176-183 g kg-'). Spring rapeseed varieties generally exhibited lower values of neutral polysaccharide residues than the other varieties studied. It was shown-using PCA-that the individual neutral polysaccharide residues primarily varied in unison. In addition, the presence of fucose-containing xyloglucan, pectin and galacto-glucomannan in the seeds was indicated. DF content in manually prepared hulls and dehulled seeds was determined for 10 varieties. The content of dietary fibre polysaccharide residues (DFPR) in the dehulled seeds of spring rape was low (range: 59-71 g kg-') compared with the other varieties analysed (76-87 g kg-'). The content of Klason lignin in yellow hulls was considerably lower (48-63 g kg-') than in dark hulls (224-330 g kg-'). Yellow hulls instead had a higher DFPR content (491-497 g kg-') than dark hulls (341-401 g kg-').

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Section: Principal Component Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

Chemical composition in varieties of rapeseed and turnip rapeseed, including several samples of hull and dehulled seed

1994

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“…It has been indicated that arabinogalactan and pectins are primary polysaccharides in the cotyledons of soybean, whereas the hulls contain cellulose, pectins, and hemicellulose polysaccharides, including galactomannan and xylan (Karr-Lilienthal et al 2005). In addition to high concentration of pectins, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as xylan, xyloglucan, arabinan, arabinogalactan and galactomannan are present in CM (Siddiqui and Wood 1977;Slominski and Campbell 1990). Although the cellulose content of FM is similar to that of SBM and CM (5.3% vs. 6.3% and 4.6Á6.0%, respectively; Slominski and Campbell 1990;Bach Knudsen 1997), the total amount of cell wall polysaccharides in FM is much greater (Table 2), which is mainly due to the high content of water-soluble NSP (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme addition facilitates the post-disease compensatory growth of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens

Jia¹,

Slominski²,

Bruce³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2009. Enzyme addition facilitates the post-disease compensatory growth of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 369Á381. In vitro incubation studies using a multicarbohydrase supplement showed a significant depolymerization of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) of soybean meal (SBM), canola meal and flaxseed meal, which was associated with the production of water-soluble NSP hydrolysis products. Effects of diet type and enzyme addition on growth performance of broiler chickens were investigated in a Clostridium perfringens challenge (10 9 CFU bird (1 on day 14) study. A total of 2640 male chickens were assigned to six treatments (wheat/SBM, unchallenged; wheat/SBM challenged; wheat/SBM'enzyme, challenged; wheat/flaxseed, unchallenged; wheat/flaxseed, challenged; wheat/flaxseed'enzyme, challenged). When compared with the wheat/SBM-based diets, birds fed flaxseed-containing diets had a decreased final body weight, an inferior overall feed conversion ratio (FCR), and an increased intestinal digesta viscosity (PB0.01). Pathogen challenge caused mucosal lesions and increased (PB0.05) the incidence of necrotic enteritis mortality with the highest mortality rate observed in birds fed the flaxseed diet without enzyme. Enzyme addition decreased (PB0.05) the overall FCR from 1.88 to 1.77 and from 1.96 to 1.86 in challenged birds fed wheat/SBM and flaxseed-containing diets, respectively. In conclusion, feeding flaxseed had adverse effects on growth performance, and enzyme addition improved the nutritive value of flaxseedcontaining diets, and facilitated the post-disease compensatory growth of chickens after C. perfringens challenge. . L'ajout d'un enzyme facilite la croissance de compensation apre`s la provocation des poulets de chair avec Clostridium perfringens Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 369Á381. Les essais d'incubation in vitro qui recourent a`un supple´ment fait de carbohydrases multiples re´ve`lent une importante de´polyme´risation des polysaccharides non amylace´s (PNA) des tourteaux de soja (TS), de canola et de lin, avec pour re´sultat la synthe`se des de´rive´s hydrosolubles de l'hydrolyse des PNA. Les auteurs ont examine´quels effets la ration et un supple´ment enzymatique avaient sur la croissance de poulets de chair provoque´s avec Clostridium perfringens (10 9 UFC par volatile le 14 e jour). En tout, 2 640 sujets de sexe maˆle ont e´te´re´partis entre 6 traitements (ble´/TS, sans provocation; ble´/TS, avec provocation; ble´/TS'enzyme, avec provocation; ble´/lin, sans provocation; ble´/lin, avec provocation; ble´/lin' enzyme, avec provocation). Comparativement aux rations ble´/TS, les oiseaux nourris avec les rations renfermant du lin e´taient moins gros a`la fin de l'expe´rience, se caracte´risaient par un indice de consommation infe´rieur et avaient des digest plus visqueux dans l'intestin (P B0,01). La provocation avec la bacte´rie pathoge`ne entraıˆne des le´sions aux muqueuses et augmente (PB0,05) le taux de mortalite´par ente´rite ne´crotique, le taux le plus e´leve´e...

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“…Amyloids are the third dominating polysaccharide in rape seed (Naczk and Shahidi, 1991). Fucoamyloids have also been reported (Aspinall et al, 1977;Siddiqui and Wood, 1977), their presence is related to the detection of fucose. Mannose is probably derived from galactomannans (Slominski and Campbell, 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…According to Slominski and Campbell (1990), the non-cellulosic polysaccharide fraction in rape seed has a high content of uronic acids (30%), and it is likely that part of the arabinose and galactose found in SDF are constituents of acidic pectic substances. An acidic arabinogalactan was isolated from the water-soluble fraction of rape seed cotyledon meal by Siddiqui and Wood (1977). Polysaccharides of the arabinan and arabinogalactan type found in SDF are apparently also present in IDF, their solubility properties being dependent on the association with other polysaccharides in the fraction, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on enzymatic fractionation, chemical composition and biological effects of dietary fibre in rape seed (<i>Brassica napus L.</i>). 1. Chemical composition of seeds and characteristics of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre of spring and winter type varieties of double improved oilseed rape

Ochodzki¹,

Rakowska²,

Bjergegaard³

et al. 1995

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Dark-seeded double improved Polish rape seed varieties (Brassica napus L.) (38 samples) were included in this study, with the main purpose of investigating their dietary fibre (DF) components. The chemical composition of unprocessed defatted seeds was determined, including analyses of neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre, as well as insoluble (IDF), and soluble (SDF) dietary fibre. In eight samples (four spring type and four winter type rape seed) the prevalent DF fraction was IDF occurring in amounts from 27.6 to 34.0% of dry defatted matter (DDM), while SDF accounted for 3.8 to 6.1% of DDM. Arabinose and galactose were the prevalent monosaccharides in both fractions of DF. The DF fractions were associated with protein which was not digested by pepsin and pancreatin used in the isolation procedure. Protein associated with SDF ranged from 7.6 to 18.1% while protein associated with IDF ranged from 28.4 to 41.5% of the total protein content in rape seed. The amino acid composition of protein associated with IDF differed distinctly from that associated with SDF. Protein bound to IDF had an amino acid composition similar to that of whole rape seed, while protein associated with SDF had an extremely high content of lysine, cysteine, and serine, but a low content of methionine and phenylalanine.

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Carbohydrates of rapeseed: A review

Cited by 56 publications

References 50 publications

Chemical composition in varieties of rapeseed and turnip rapeseed, including several samples of hull and dehulled seed

Chemical composition in varieties of rapeseed and turnip rapeseed, including several samples of hull and dehulled seed

Enzyme addition facilitates the post-disease compensatory growth of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens

Studies on enzymatic fractionation, chemical composition and biological effects of dietary fibre in rape seed (<i>Brassica napus L.</i>). 1. Chemical composition of seeds and characteristics of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre of spring and winter type varieties of double improved oilseed rape

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