Carbon aerogel plumes as an efficient medium for higher harmonic generation in the 40–90 nm range

Ganeev, R. A.; Naik, P. A.; Chakera, J. A.; Singhal, H.; Pramanik, Nimai Chand; Abraham, P.A.; Panicker, Narayanapanicker Rani; Kumar, M.; Gupta, P. D.

doi:10.1364/josab.28.000360

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It was observed that CAG-HM, obtaining by using hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as the catalyst exhibited highest BET-SA of 496 m 2 /g, which might be due to the formation of smaller cluster during the gel formation, as evidenced from the corresponding SEM image (Figure 3(c)). The BET surface area of carbon aerogels obtained by from resorcinol and formaldehyde system [11] using aqueous Na 2 CO 3 as catalyst was found to be 547 m 2 /g, which was slightly higher than that of the present system. Although the BET results were found to be slightly lower in this present study, however, the major advantage is the shortening of supercritical drying process, in which the lengthy process of solvent exchange is avoided by this new methodology and this is considered to be an important criterion for the product development.…”

Section: Studies Of Physical Properties Of Rfl Derived Carbon Aerogelscontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Because of several outstanding physical properties of CAG, such as large specific surface area, high porosity, tunable pore sizes, light weight, etc., it possess more attraction to the researchers for gas storage applications. Apart from gas storage applications, CAG also have several attractive applications, such as active electrode material for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, gas filtration membranes, reinforcing agents for natural rubber, light weight structural composites for space explorations, and so on [10,11]. All these applications strongly depend on the structural and physico-chemical properties of the carbon aerogel and therefore, tuning of these properties through judicious selection of precursor materials and controlling of synthetic parameters are very critical for specific applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would be noteworthy to mention here that the tuning of these properties is possible by controlling the gel synthetic conditions, viz., precursor composition, nature of catalysts, presence of surface active agents (surfactants), drying procedure, etc., which have pronounced influence on the physical and chemical charac-teristics of final product (carbon aerogel) [12,13]. Several reports are known for the synthesis of carbonaerogel from resorcinol-formaldehyde based organic gels [11,12,[14][15][16]. Most of the reports described the various synthetic aspects of aerogel preparation and their physical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Catalyst on the Formation of Resorcinol-Furfural Based Carbon Aerogels and Its Physical Properties

Rejitha¹,

Abraham²,

Panicker³

et al. 2013

ANP

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Carbon aerogels (CAG) were synthesized by the pyrolysis of resorcinol-furfural based organic aerogels, derived from sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol and furfural using different catalysts followed by supercritical drying of as-prepared gels. Different catalysts viz. hydrochloric acid (HA), acetic acid (AcH) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) of different concentrations were used for this purpose in order to study the role of different catalysts and the effect of R/C ratio (reactant to catalyst molar ratio) on the formation of organic gel monolith and their physical properties were investigated. Aerogels were thoroughly characterized by using CHN, FTIR, TG-DSC, XRD and SEM. A considerable reduction of gelation time and the formation of relatively denser organic gel were observed in the case of HMTA, which indicated the dual role (catalyst & cross-linking agent) of HMTA during the polymerization/polycondensation of resorcinol and furfural. Carbon aerogels obtained by using different catalysts showed BET surface area, average pore size, total pore volumes in the range of 438 -496 m 2 /g, 17.9 -22.4 Å and 0.20 -0.27 cm 3 /g, respectively. The SEM images and results revealed the presence of different morphologies of carbon aerogels, obtained by using different catalysts. The HMTA catalyzed samples were found to have highest surface area with particles in smaller in size and well interconnected 3D carbon network.

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Section: Studies Of Physical Properties Of Rfl Derived Carbon Aerogelscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Catalyst on the Formation of Resorcinol-Furfural Based Carbon Aerogels and Its Physical Properties

Rejitha¹,

Abraham²,

Panicker³

et al. 2013

ANP

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“…During the following few years, enormous improvements in the characteristics of this process were reported. A substantial increase in the highest order of the generated harmonics, the emergence of a plateau in the energy distribution of highestorder harmonics, the high efficiencies obtained with several plasma formations, the realisation of resonance-induced enhancement of individual harmonics, the efficient harmonic enhancement for the plasma plumes containing clusters of different materials and other features revealed in these and other works [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] have demonstrated the advantages of using specially prepared plasmas for HHG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In [30], the preparation and characterisation of carbon aerogels, as well as the study of HHG in carbon aerogel plasma, were carried out. A higher yield of HHG is observed primarily for the lower-order harmonics in the wavelength range 40-90 nm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Harmonic generation in laser-produced plasmas containing atoms, ions and clusters: a review

Ganeev

2012

Journal of Modern Optics

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Generation of harmonics of laser radiation in plasmas

Ganeev

2012

Laser Phys. Lett.

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The review of studies of the high-order harmonic generation of laser radiation in laser-produced plasma describes the developments in this field during last half decade. We show that this approach in frequency conversion of laser radiation towards the extreme ultraviolet range became matured during multiple sets of studies carried out in many laboratories worldwide and demonstrated new opportunities for efficient generation of strong coherent short-wavelength radiation. Harmonic intensity, arb. units ×10 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 40 50 60 70 80 90 Wavelength, nm Carbon aerogel 9H 11H 13H 15H 17H 19HComparison of the HHG spectra of carbon aerogel plasma in the cases of single color pump (thin curves) and two color pump (thick curves) Early studies of plasma-induced harmonicsThe high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from moderate-level femtosecond laser pulses allows producing coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range. During last twenty-five years, predominantly rare gases were employed as target media for HHG, which, however, imposed some physical and practical limits on the performance of these coherent XUV sources. So far only low conversion efficiencies of HHG have been reported using gases as the nonlinear media, despite the enormous efforts. For practical applications of high-order harmonic sources, higher conversion efficiency and thus an increase in the photon flux and also of the maximum photon energy of the harmonic radiation would be beneficial. The generation of high-order harmonics in laser-produced plasmas, being for this purpose a relatively new and largely unexplored medium, promises to yield these advances.The application of laser plasma as a nonlinear optical medium for frequency conversion came up at the beginning of nineties with the aim to optimize HHG light sources. The idea was based on the use of larger ionization potentials of alkali ions as compared to noble gases. The use of such plasma was aimed to improve the HHG phase matching conditions, increase the concentration of excited ions and neutrals in plasma, which thought to be a right way for amendments of harmonic yield. In the meantime, those first experiments on HHG in the passage of laser ra-

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Carbon aerogel plumes as an efficient medium for higher harmonic generation in the 40–90 nm range

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Role of Catalyst on the Formation of Resorcinol-Furfural Based Carbon Aerogels and Its Physical Properties

Role of Catalyst on the Formation of Resorcinol-Furfural Based Carbon Aerogels and Its Physical Properties

Harmonic generation in laser-produced plasmas containing atoms, ions and clusters: a review

Generation of harmonics of laser radiation in plasmas

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