Carbon and nitrogen content based estimation of the fat content of animal carcasses in various species

Kuhla, S.; Klein, Martin J.; Renne, Ulla; Jentsch, W.; Rudolph, Paul; Souffrant, W. B.

doi:10.1080/00039420310001656712

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Frozen liver tissue (50 mg) was mortared under liquid N 2 , and DM was determined after drying for 3 h at 105°C. After analyzing nitrogen and carbon content with an element CNS-2000 analyzer (Leco Instrumente GmbH, Mönchengladbach, Germany), liver fat concentration (LFC) was calculated as previously described (Kuhla et al, 2004), whereas liver glycogen concentration (LGC) was determined from wet tissue (25 mg) using an enzyme-based starch kit (no. 10207748035; Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany).…”

Section: Analyses In Liver Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of colostrum versus formula feeding on hepatic glucocorticoid and α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in neonatal calves and their effect on glucose and lipid metabolism

Schäff

Rohrbeck

Steinhoff‐Wagner

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Neonatal energy metabolism in calves has to adapt to extrauterine life and depends on colostrum feeding. The adrenergic and glucocorticoid systems are involved in postnatal maturation of pathways related to energy metabolism and calves show elevated plasma concentrations of cortisol and catecholamines during perinatal life. We tested the hypothesis that hepatic glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and α 1 -and β 2 -adrenergic receptors (AR) in neonatal calves are involved in adaptation of postnatal energy metabolism and that respective binding capacities depend on colostrum feeding. Calves were fed colostrum (CF; n = 7) or a milk-based formula (FF; n = 7) with similar nutrient content up to d 4 of life. Blood samples were taken daily before feeding and 2 h after feeding on d 4 of life to measure metabolites and hormones related to energy metabolism in blood plasma. Liver tissue was obtained 2 h after feeding on d 4 to measure hepatic fat content and binding capacity of AR and GR. Maximal binding capacity and binding affinity were calculated by saturation binding assays using [3 H]-prazosin and [ 3 H]-CGP-12177 for determination of α 1 -and β 2 -AR and [ 3 H]-dexamethasone for determination of GR in liver. Additional liver samples were taken to measure mRNA abundance of AR and GR, and of key enzymes related to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Plasma concentrations of albumin, triacylglycerides, insulin-like growth factor I, leptin, and thyroid hormones changed until d 4 and all these variables except leptin and thyroid hormones responded to feed intake on d 4. Diet effects were determined for albumin, insulin-like growth factor I, leptin, and thyroid hormones. Binding capacity for GR was greater and for α 1 -AR tended to be greater in CF than in FF calves. Binding affinities were in the same range for each receptor type. Gene expression of α 1 -AR (ADRA1) tended to be lower in CF than FF calves. Binding capacity of GR was related to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, whereas β 2 -AR binding capacity was negatively associated with glucose metabolism. In conclusion, our results indicate a dependence of GR and α 1 -AR on milk feeding immediately after birth and point to an involvement of hepatic GR and AR in postnatal adaptation of glucose and lipid metabolism in calves.

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Section: Analyses In Liver Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of colostrum versus formula feeding on hepatic glucocorticoid and α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in neonatal calves and their effect on glucose and lipid metabolism

Schäff

Rohrbeck

Steinhoff‐Wagner

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…10207748035; Boehringer Mannheim/R-Biopharm, Mannheim, Germany). Measurement of liver fat concentrations was performed as described (Kuhla et al, 2004).…”

Section: Analyses In Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows reduces endogenous glucose production during early lactation

Hötger

Hammon

Weber

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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Trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation causes milk fat depression in dairy cows, but CLA effects on glucose metabolism are not clear. The objective of the study was to investigate glucose metabolism, especially endogenous glucose production (eGP) and glucose oxidation (GOx), as well as hepatic genes involved in endogenous glucose production in Holstein cows supplemented either with 50 g of rumen-protected CLA (9% trans-10,cis-12 and 10% cis-9,trans-11; CLA; n = 10) or 50 g of control fat (24% C18:2; Ctrl; n = 10) from wk 2 before parturition to wk 9 of lactation. Animal performance data were recorded and blood metabolites and hormones were taken weekly from 2 wk before to 12 wk after parturition. During wk 3 and 9 after parturition, glucose tolerance tests were performed and eGP and GOx were measured by [U-13 C] glucose infusion. Liver biopsies were taken at the same time to measure total fat and glycogen concentrations and gene expression of pyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1. Conjugated linoleic acid feeding reduced milk fat, but increased milk lactose output; milk yield was higher starting 5 wk after parturition in CLA-fed cows than in Ctrl-fed cows. Energy balance was more negative during CLA supplementation, and plasma concentrations of glucose were higher immediately after calving in CLAfed cows. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation did not affect insulin release during glucose tolerance tests, but reduced eGP in wk 3, and eGP and GOx increased with time after parturition. Hepatic gene expression of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase tended to be lower in CLA-fed cows than in Ctrl-fed cows. In spite of lower eGP in CLA-fed cows, lactose output and plasma glucose concentrations were greater in CLA-fed cows than in Ctrl-fed cows. This suggests a CLA-related glucose sparing effect most likely due to lower glucose utilization for milk fat synthesis and probably because of a more efficient whole-body energy utilization in CLA-fed cows.

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“…An important requirement in body composition studies is to determine total body protein in small animals and biological samples of large volume [9,10]. Such studies are usually performed by means of destructive chemical methods by sampling of homogenates from whole animals to determine nitrogen.…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Irradiations were performed using a 185 GBq 239 Pu(a,n) 9 Be neutron source. The sample was positioned at the center of a 20 cm · 10 cm area graphite collimator assembly and at a distance of 52 cm from the source.…”

Section: Pgnaa Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary evaluation showed that utilization of a (a,n) type neutron source of 1.48 TBq activity could achieve a nitrogen counting error of about 5% for an irradiation time of 4 h. However, the counting error in the latter case will be dominated by the increased nitrogen region background counts due to pile-up effects in the detector [7,8]. Utilization of an 241 Am(a,n) 9 Be source of a higher activity is now planned.…”

Section: Meat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the accuracy of protein determination in large biological samples by prompt gamma neutron activation analysis

Kasviki

Stamatelatos

Yannakopoulou

et al. 2007

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Carbon and nitrogen content based estimation of the fat content of animal carcasses in various species

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of colostrum versus formula feeding on hepatic glucocorticoid and α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in neonatal calves and their effect on glucose and lipid metabolism

Effects of colostrum versus formula feeding on hepatic glucocorticoid and α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in neonatal calves and their effect on glucose and lipid metabolism

Supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows reduces endogenous glucose production during early lactation

On the accuracy of protein determination in large biological samples by prompt gamma neutron activation analysis

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