Carbon and nutrient enrichment potential of South Java upwelling area as detected using hindcast biogeochemistry variables

Wahyudi, A’an Johan; Triana, Karlina; Masumoto, Yukio; Rachman, Arief; Firdaus, Mochamad Ramdhan; Iskandar, Iskhaq; Meirinawati, Hanny

doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102802

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Monthly sea surface nitrate (NO 3 ), phosphate (PO 4 ), and silicate (Si) concentrations were obtained from copernicus marine service website. Triana et al (2023) corroborated the reliability of these data in the study area through a comparative analysis with in situ measurements, reporting a mean absolute percentage error below 15% for nutrient concentrations. Rainfall data were sourced from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission and combines data from multiple satellites (Huffman et al, 2019), while, the monthly river discharge data set was acquired from the Global Flood Awareness System (Zsoter et al, 2021).…”

Section: Data Setssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…However, a decrease in rainfall during such events curtails terrestrial input (Figure 10). Past studies have emphasized the terrestrial runoff's role in modulating Si concentrations in seawater, particularly during or post rainy season (Naik et al., 2020; Sospedra et al., 2018), accentuating the terrestrial input's significance in molding Si concentrations in the study area (Triana et al., 2023). Consequently, +IOD events create favorable conditions for coccolithophores growth in region C, characterized by elevated NO 3 and PO 4 concentrations and diminished Si concentrations, culminating in increased PIC concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upwelling occurs during the months of June and September annually (Wyrtki, 1962). During this period, specific oceanographic conditions prevail, such as decreased SST, shallow thermocline depth, lower sea surface height (SSH), and elevated nutrient concentrations (Triana et al., 2023). To investigate the seasonal variations and controlling mechanisms of the spatiotemporal distribution of PIC in the study area, the seasons were divided into four periods: the west monsoon (WM) period from December to March, intermonsoon I (int‐1) period from April to May, east monsoon (EM) period from June to September, and intermonsoon II (int‐2) period from October to November (Monerie et al., 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these regions are also susceptible to global climate change and influenced by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) (Sprintall et al., 2014; Susanto et al., 2001). Background physical conditions, climate events, and global warming can all impact the biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem processes of the regions (Hood et al., 2017; Sprintall et al., 2019; Triana et al., 2023). Hence, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of coccolithophores in the southern waters of Sumatra and Java Islands, along with the factors influencing them, would contribute significantly to elucidating the potential consequences of future climate change on the ecosystem in these areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Patterns and Environmental Drivers of Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC) Variability in the Southern Waters of Sumatra‐Java Islands

Zhao,

Wang,

Song

et al. 2024

JGR Oceans

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The southern waters of the Sumatra‐Java Islands, within the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool, are highly susceptible to global climate change impacts. Understanding particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) dynamics and environmental responses in this region is critical for assessing climate change effects on marine ecosystems. Utilizing two decades of remote sensing PIC data (2003–2022), we identified five sub‐regions via K‐means clustering: the Sunda Strait, southern coastal/offshore waters of Sumatra Island, and southern coastal/offshore waters of Java Island. Self‐Organizing Map explored interannual PIC variations, while Generalized Additive Models delineated driving factors. In the Sunda Strait, PIC dynamics are influenced by water exchanges between the Indonesian Seas (ISs) and eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). Seasonally, PIC concentrations peak during the east monsoon (boreal summer); decreasing during positive Indian Ocean Dipole (+IOD) and El Niño events. Along the southern Sumatra, PIC variations positively correlate with rainfall and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Along the southern Sumatra, upwelling drives PIC variations, with higher concentrations during mature summer monsoon induced upwelling periods. PIC increases during +IOD and decreases during El Niño. Our study highlights the nexus between nutrients, physical factors (e.g., rainfall), and climatic events (e.g., El Niño) on PIC concentrations. Climate‐induced changes in oceanic physical processes modulate nutrient concentrations, thereby governing PIC variations. We propose a mechanistic model to elucidate PIC variations in upwelling areas. Findings suggest that prospective climate variability, encompassing alterations in climate events, rainfall, and temperature, may escalate PIC concentrations within the study area, advocating PIC as a forward‐looking climate change indicator.

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Section: Data Setssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Patterns and Environmental Drivers of Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC) Variability in the Southern Waters of Sumatra‐Java Islands

Zhao,

Wang,

Song

et al. 2024

JGR Oceans

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“…It underestimates the DO concentration between 100 m and 200 m, which leads to a thicker minimum oxygen layer in the deep ocean compared with the BATS station observation in the Sargasso Sea (Steinberg et al, 2001). However, another study (Atkins et al, 2022) found that the hindcast adequately reproduces Oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) extent at about 200-m depth when compared with the WOA 2018 (Garcıá et al, 2019), and another showed good agreement between the hindcast and the in situ DO in the South Java upwelling area (Wahyudi et al, 2023). For the California Current, the hindcast is able to reproduce the subsurface DO climatology.…”

Section: Data and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Future change of summer hypoxia in coastal California Current

Shi,

Buil,

Bograd

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The occurrences of summer hypoxia in coastal California Current can significantly affect the benthic and pelagic habitat and lead to complex ecosystem changes. Model-simulated hypoxia in this region is strongly spatially heterogeneous, and its future changes show uncertainties depending on the model used. Here, we used an ensemble of the new generation Earth system models to examine the present-day and future changes of summer hypoxia in this region. We applied model-specific thresholds combined with empirical bias adjustments of the dissolved oxygen variance to identify hypoxia. We found that, although simulated dissolved oxygen in the subsurface varies across the models both in mean state and variability, after necessary bias adjustments, the ensemble shows reasonable hypoxia frequency compared with a hindcast in terms of spatial distribution and average frequency in the coastal region. The models project increases in hypoxia frequency under warming, which is in agreement with deoxygenation projected consistently across the models for the coastal California Current. This work demonstrated a practical approach of using the multi-model ensemble for regional studies while presenting methodology limitations and gaps in observations and models to improve these limitations.

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