Carbon Anode for the Formation of Carbon Monoxide and its Impact on the Molten-salt Electrolysis

Li, Zequan; Guo, Jun; Hu, Rong; Ru, Li-yue; Wang, Haihua

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.15730

Asian J. Chem.

2014

DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2014.15730

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Carbon Anode for the Formation of Carbon Monoxide and its Impact on the Molten-salt Electrolysis

Zequan Li¹,

Jun Guo²,

Rong Hu³

et al.

Abstract: The FFC (Fray-Farthing-Chen) Cambridge process 1 is a kind of novel molten salt electrolysis method, where solid metals/semi-metals oxide, sulfide, carbide or their mixture act as cathode and thus metals/semi-metals, their alloys or intermetallic compounds are achieved on cathode and O2, CO2 or CO gas is obtained on anode under argon atmosphere. In past decade, many scientists utilized this method to successfully prepare IIB (Cu 2), IIIB [lanthanide series (Ce 3 , Pr 4 , Tb 5 , Dy 6), actinide series (U 7

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“…30 Li et al tested the evolution of CO on the graphite anode in a two-electrode electrolysis. 31 Osarinmwian studied the bubble-driven anodic gas in molten CaCl 2 , 32 and Cl 2 was found to be produced along with CO 2 and CO under a constant cell voltage of 3.2V. Since the current density varies significantly in a constant-cell voltage electrolysis, the polarization of the anode and cathode changes with the verified current densities.…”

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Anodic Gases Generated on a Carbon Electrode in Oxide-Ion Containing Molten CaCl₂ for the Electro-Deoxidation Process

Xie¹,

Zhao²,

Song³

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The gas generated on a commonly used carbon anode is highly related to the efficiency of electrolysis and the purity of cathodic products in molten CaCl 2 . Herein, the anodic gas generated on a carbon working electrode in a three-electrode setup was systematically analyzed using a gas chromatograph under controlled potentials in both molten CaCl 2 and CaCl 2 -1 wt%CaO. Two successive oxidation steps of the graphite electrode were observed. The anodic gas contains both CO and CO 2 with an atomic ratio (CO/CO 2 ) of 0.076, 0.072, 0.073, and 0.144 under anodic potentials of 0V, 0.2V, 0.4V, and 0.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in molten CaCl 2 , respectively, while the atomic ratios of CO/CO 2 are 3.639, 2.008, 1.666, 0.720 in molten CaCl 2 -1 wt%CaO. Therefore, CaO remarkably enhances the kinetics of the formation of CO and absorption of the generated CO 2 forming CO 3 2− that could decrease the efficiency of the electrolysis and purity of cathodic products.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic Gases Generated on a Carbon Electrode in Oxide-Ion Containing Molten CaCl₂ for the Electro-Deoxidation Process

Xie¹,

Zhao²,

Song³

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Influences of graphite anode area on electrolysis of solid metal oxides in molten salts

Chen

Jin

2014

J Solid State Electrochem

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Laboratory studies of electrochemical reduction of refractory metal oxides, e.g. TiO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 , in molten CaCl 2 often involve a graphite anode and a cell voltage of 3.0 V or higher, which deviates significantly from thermodynamic predictions. The causes considered in the past have included mechanistic, kinetic and dynamic complications of cathode reactions, but little was considered on anodic processes. This paper shows that oxidation of the O 2− ion on the graphite anode is also a significant contributor to the high cell voltages applied. Cyclic voltammetry in molten CaCl 2 containing added CaO (up to 2.51 mol%) suggested that O 2− oxidation on graphite proceeds dominantly in two steps as previously observed on glassy carbon. With increasing CaO concentration, the second step became rate-limiting over a wide range of potentials before the processes reached at diffusion controlled high current density. This understanding led to the proposal and experimental confirmation of a "low anode current density strategy" in potentiostatic reduction of thin cylindrical pellets of TiO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 in molten CaCl 2 at 850°C. It was observed that a 10-fold increase of the graphite anode area could decrease the cell voltage by about 1.0 V, which should save energy consumption by up to one third.

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A combined leaching and electrochemical activation approach to converting coal to capacitive carbon in molten carbonates

Mao

Xie

Chen

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Carbon Anode for the Formation of Carbon Monoxide and its Impact on the Molten-salt Electrolysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Anodic Gases Generated on a Carbon Electrode in Oxide-Ion Containing Molten CaCl₂ for the Electro-Deoxidation Process

Anodic Gases Generated on a Carbon Electrode in Oxide-Ion Containing Molten CaCl₂ for the Electro-Deoxidation Process

Influences of graphite anode area on electrolysis of solid metal oxides in molten salts

A combined leaching and electrochemical activation approach to converting coal to capacitive carbon in molten carbonates

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Carbon Anode for the Formation of Carbon Monoxide and its Impact on the Molten-salt Electrolysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Anodic Gases Generated on a Carbon Electrode in Oxide-Ion Containing Molten CaCl2 for the Electro-Deoxidation Process

Anodic Gases Generated on a Carbon Electrode in Oxide-Ion Containing Molten CaCl2 for the Electro-Deoxidation Process

Influences of graphite anode area on electrolysis of solid metal oxides in molten salts

A combined leaching and electrochemical activation approach to converting coal to capacitive carbon in molten carbonates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Anodic Gases Generated on a Carbon Electrode in Oxide-Ion Containing Molten CaCl₂ for the Electro-Deoxidation Process

Anodic Gases Generated on a Carbon Electrode in Oxide-Ion Containing Molten CaCl₂ for the Electro-Deoxidation Process