Carbon-Based Catalyst from Pyrolysis of Waste Tire for Catalytic Ethanol Dehydration to Ethylene and Diethyl Ether

Abstract

This work investigated the use of waste tire as a source of carbon in preparation of carbon-based catalysts for applying in ethanol dehydration. The pyrolysis of waste tire was performed to obtain the solid carbon, and then it was treated with two different acids including HCl and HNO3 prior to the activation process with different temperatures to gain suitable carbon catalysts. All carbon catalysts were characterized using nitrogen physisorption, XRD, FTIR, and acid-base titration. The catalysts were tested for catalytic ethanol dehydration in a micropacked-bed reactor under the temperature range from 200°C to 400°C. It revealed that the ethanol conversion increased with increasing the reaction temperature for all catalysts. The carbon catalyst treated with HCl and calcined at 420°C (AC_H420) exhibited the highest ethanol conversion of 36.2% at 400°C having ethylene and diethyl ether selectivity of 65.9 and 33.5%, respectively. The high activity of this catalyst can be attributed to the high acid density at the surface (18.5 μmol/m2), which was significantly higher than those of most other catalysts (less than 8.0 μmol/m2).

Interconnected Micro, Meso, and Macro Porous Activated Carbon from Bacterial Nanocellulose for Superior Adsorption Properties and Effective Catalytic Performance

“…It has been demonstrated that 30P/BC-AC(BA) has excellent catalytic performance. The performances of 30P/BC-AC(BA) and different catalysts using H 3 PO 4 modification [31][32][33], different carbon-based catalysts [7,9,19,34], and other catalysts [35], with respect to ethanol conversion, ethylene selectivity, and DEE selectivity were compared as shown in Table 6. It has been demonstrated that 30P/BC-AC(BA) has excellent catalytic performance.…”

Catalytic Esterification Using Solid Acid Carbon Catalysts Synthesized by Sustainable Hydrothermal and Plasma Sulfonation Techniques

“…As reaction temperature increased and time progressed, the peak at 1.76 min increased, particularly with the hydrothermal GAC catalysts and Amberlyst-15. Sulfonated and phosphorylated carbons can catalytically dehydrate ethanol forming diethyl ether and ethylene, suggesting these compounds as possible byproducts . The increase in 2-HIBA conversion with the GAC-HT-18M and Amberlyst-15 on increasing the temperature from 120 to 150 °C (1 h of residence time), and with the GAC-HT-2M on increasing the residence time to 3 h at 150 °C did not affect the ester yield, yet led to an increase in the formation of byproducts.…”

“…Sulfonated and phosphorylated carbons can catalytically dehydrate ethanol forming diethyl ether and ethylene, suggesting these compounds as possible byproducts. 47 The increase in 2-HIBA conversion with the GAC-HT-18M and Amberlyst-15 on increasing the temperature from 120 to 150 °C (1 h of residence time), and with the GAC-HT-2M on increasing the residence time to 3 h at 150 °C did not affect the ester yield, yet led to an increase in the formation of byproducts. We therefore concluded that reaction temperatures of 120 °C for the GAC-HT-18M and Amberlyst-15, and 150 °C for the GAC-HT-2M at 1 h of residence time were optimal for 2-HIBA esterification.…”

Waste tire derived char supported Ni‐Fe catalyst for catalytic thermochemical conversion of wet municipal solid waste

“…4 In 2016, around 17 million tons of tires were manufactured globally, which leads to a vast quantity of waste tires production annually. 5 Eventually, it will create waste tire disposal issues and a negative impact on the environment because waste tires are not easy to decompose and could remain for up to 100 years in the environment. Moreover, traditional disposal methods, such as incineration and landfill, could result in pollutant emissions and land occupation.…”