Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)sensors for the Detection of Carbendazim: A Review

Abstract

Carbendazim, a fungicide widely used in agriculture, has been classified as a hazardous chemical by the World Health Organization due to its environmental persistence. It is prohibited in several countries; therefore, detecting it in food and environmental samples is highly necessary. A reliable, rapid, and low-cost method uses electrochemical sensors and biosensors, especially those modified with carbon-based materials with good analytical performance. In this review, we summarize the use of carbon-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for detecting carbendazim in environmental and food matrixes, with a particular interest in the role of carbon materials. Focus on publications between 2018 and 2023 that have been describing the use of carbon nanotubes, carbon nitride, graphene, and its derivatives, and carbon-based materials as modifiers, emphasizing the analytical performance obtained, such as linear range, detection limit, selectivity, and the matrix where the detection was applied.

Advances in electrochemical sensors for real-time glucose monitoring

“…67 These nanostructures exhibit notable attributes such as high chemical and thermal stability, low capacitance, enhanced peak currents, and reduced overpotentials, all of which enhance sensor sensitivity. 68,69 Yun Oh et al 70 developed a skin-attachable, stretchable electrochemical sensor employing CNTs for the detection of glucose and pH in sweat using a simple, cost-effective layer-by-layer (LbL) method. 71 The sensor's assembly comprised three sequential steps: first, employing gold nanostructures (AuNS) to create an intrinsically stretchable sensor platform devoid of serpentine or island-bridge structures; second, depositing CNTs onto the AuNS substrate via LbL method (Fig.…”

Facile Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticle-Embedded Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Detection of Carbendazim

“…For electrocatalytic purposes, these carbon support materials should possess a high surface area, abundant binding sites, excellent stability, and strong electrical conductivity. Among various options, two-dimensional (2D) carbonbased materials like graphene and its derivative (e.g., reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) are commonly employed due to their ability to fulfill the aforementioned requirements [19].…”