Carbon‐Based Electrochemical Capacitors

Ghosh, Arunabha; Lee, Young Hee

doi:10.1002/cssc.201100645

Cited by 533 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 250 publications

(733 reference statements)

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“…Other recent reviews related to supercapacitor materials are available [105][106][107][108][109]. Many reported results refer to nanostructured carbon based materials and different related composites used for the manufacture of experimental supercapacitor electrodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors specialities - Materials review

Obreja

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors specialities - Materials review

Obreja

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…High surface area carbon materials have been recognized as the most promising, user-friendly electrode materials due to their low cost, wide availability, non-toxic nature, environmental friendliness, and stability [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-doped microporous carbon microspheres for high volumetric performance supercapacitors

Ferrero

Fuertes

Sevilla

2015

Electrochimica Acta

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N-doped highly dense uniform carbon microspheres of around 1 µm have been prepared by a nanocasting strategy using silica particles as template and a nitrogen-rich substance (i.e. pyrrole) as carbon precursor. These carbon microspheres possess a large number of nitrogen functional groups (~ 9 wt % N), a high BET surface area of up to ~ 1300 m 2 g -1 with a porosity made up mostly of micropores (< 2 nm), and a high packing density of 0.97 g cm -3 . They also show a remarkable volumetric capacitance of ca. 290 F cm -3 in H 2 SO 4 as a result of pseudocapacitance effects arising from the N-groups, such that they are able to keep 50 % of the capacitance at a high current density of 40 A g -1 .An additional chemical activation process with KOH has been performed to enhance the microporous network. These highly porous microspheres (2690 m 2 g -1 ), that have a lower nitrogen content (~ 2 % wt), can achieve 92 F cm -3 in TEABF 4 /AN while displaying 83 % of capacitance retention at a high current density of 40 A g -1 .

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“…15-35%), and it was demonstrated by the electrochemical impedance data analysis that irreversible adsorption of I − anions at GDC electrode takes place decreasing the power density and increasing the characteristic time constant values compared with EDLC based on EMImBF 4 . 33 For more detailed electrochemical decomposition process analysis taking place in EMImI + EMImBF 4 mixture at electrochemically more active C(Mo 2 C) [7][8][9][10][11]32,33 surface, the electrochemical and chemical information have been collected by combined cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement methods, conducted in the high vacuum conditions. The three-electrode system has been used for all experiments for more detailed establishment of the electrochemical oxidation and reduction processes, thus the formation of intermediates and final products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Iodide Ions Concentration on the Stability of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate | Molybdenum Carbide Derived Carbon Electrode Interface

Kruusma

Tõnisoo

Pärna

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Influence of the iodide ions adsorption on the in situ measured X-ray photoelectron spectra of C 1s, N 1s, B 1s, F 1s and I 3d photoelectrons, indicating the changes in the chemical composition taking place at the carbon (C) | 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF 4 ) + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide mixed ionic liquids interface, has been studied. Simultaneously, the stability of the formed C electrode | ionic liquid interface has been analyzed electrochemically. Electroreduction of the BF 4 − anion seems to start at less negative potential than the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm + ) cation. Addition of the I − ions to the EMImBF 4 initiates the electrochemical processes at C electrode at lower negative or positive potentials. However, intensity of the electrochemical reduction of EMIm + cation was suppressed. The experiments, performed in the vacuum conditions, indicated that slow faradaic oxidation processes started already at E ≥ 1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl in EMImBF 4 ). Our investigations clearly show that the formed passivating layer at the carbon electrode is unstable and decomposes slowly producing gaseous products. Based on the analysis of results collected the electrode materials for electrochemical double layer capacitors should be tested in the vacuum conditions in order to detect the early start of very slow faradaic processes producing gaseous products. Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are one of the electric charge storage systems. Very high specific capacitance values (from 75 to 175 F g −1 for aqueous and from 40 to 100 F g −1 for nonaqueous electrolytes based commercial EDLC cells, 1-3 and 100 -150 F g −1 for micro-mesoporous carbon electrodes or nonaqueous electrolytes and ionic liquid based EDLC cells 4-10 ) have been measured. These devices are also called as "supercapacitors" 1-3,11-17 and used as short term high electric power density systems or as filtering or stabilizing elements in the electric circuits.12,14 It should be noted that the EDLCs are composed of various electrode materials and electrolyte solutions (ionic liquids and non-aqueous solutions are often used [14][15][16][17] ). The power density of an EDLC depends on the mobility of the electrolyte ions (on the electric conductivity of a system 13,14 ) and the specific capacitance depends on the total gravimetric area of the electrode. To expand the specific capacitance of an EDLC the electrochemically active area and/or the applicable cell potential should be increased, because the energy and power densities are root functions of the cell potential.1-17 However, the value of the maximum achievable electrochemically active specific area is limited by the optimal pore diameter determined by the size of the dissolved electrolyte ions (solvated or partially desolvated 8 ) and the solvent molecules dimensions. Thus, the expansion of the applicable cell potential seems to be the only solution for the significant expansion of the EDLCs specific energy (measured in Wh kg −1 ) and specific power (measured i...

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Carbon‐Based Electrochemical Capacitors

Cited by 533 publications

References 250 publications

Supercapacitors specialities - Materials review

Supercapacitors specialities - Materials review

N-doped microporous carbon microspheres for high volumetric performance supercapacitors

Influence of Iodide Ions Concentration on the Stability of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate | Molybdenum Carbide Derived Carbon Electrode Interface

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