Carbon‐based nanocomposites in solid‐state hydrogen storage technology: An overview

Abstract

Hydrogen fuel is becoming a hot topic among the scientific community as an alternative energy source. Hydrogen is eco-friendly, renewable, and green. The synthesis and development of materials with great potential for hydrogen storage is still a challenge in research and needs to be addressed to store hydrogen economically and efficiently. Various solid-state materials have been fabricated for hydrogen energy storage; however, carbon-based nanocomposites have gained more attention because of its high surface area, low processing cost, and light weight nature. Carbon materials are easy to modify with various metals, metal oxides (MOs), and other organometallic frameworks because of the functional groups available on the surface and edges that increase the storage capacity of hydrogen. In addition, chemisorption is another way to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity of carbonbased nanocomposites. In this review, we discuss the success achieved thus far and the challenges that remain for the physical and chemical storage of hydrogen in various carbon-based nanocomposites. Various compositions of catalysts (eg, metal, MOs, alloy, metal organic frameworks) and carbon materials are designed for hydrogen storage. Superior energy storage in hybrids and composites as compared with pristine materials (catalysts or carbon nanotubes) is governed by the interaction, activation, and hydrogen adsorption/ absorption mechanism of materials in the reaction profile. (Nano)composites comprising carbon material with metals, MOs, or alloys are important in this field, not only because of their potential for hydrogen sorption but also their significant cyclic stability and high efficiency upon successive adsorptiondesorption cycles.

Recent advancement in consolidation of MOFs as absorbents for hydrogen storage

“…However, the result indicated that Fe-Ag/TiO2/ MWCNT nanocomposite prepared with 0.04 M bimetallic Fe-Ag nanoparticles increases the multiwall carbon nanotubes hydrogen uptake significantly. 46 Recently, Salehabadi et al 47 published a review on carbon-based nanocomposites synthesized with metals/CNTs, graphene oxide (GO), and rGO for hydrogen storage. The unique properties of carbon materials make them suitable as reinforcement or filler for metals, metal oxides, and organometallic frameworks with high hydrogen storage capacity.…”

The impacts of nitrogen doping on the electrochemical hydrogen storage in a carbon

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Hydrogen is widely applied in many reams, such as nickel-hydrogen batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen-powered vehicles. [13][14][15] There are three stages in the hydrogen energy supply chain: hydrogen preparation, hydrogen storage and transportation, and hydrogen applications. [16][17][18][19] To develop a safe and efficient hydrogen storage system with high energy density remains an enormous challenge.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Besides, the electrochemical hydrogen storage also possesses the merits of simplicity, reusability and safety. 27 The mechanism of electrochemical storage contains a few steps as described below: [13][14][15]24,[28][29][30][31] I. In the electrochemical reduction process (charging): when the electrons are transferred from the carbon electrode to the H 2 O molecules in the electrolyte at electrode/electrolyte interface, isolated H atoms are formed and adsorbed on the electrode surface (Volmer reaction).…”

“…In addition, hydrogen also has the advantages of high energy density (about 33.3 kWh kg −1 ), abundant resources, and sustainable utilization 1‐12 . Hydrogen is widely applied in many reams, such as nickel‐hydrogen batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen‐powered vehicles 13‐15 . There are three stages in the hydrogen energy supply chain: hydrogen preparation, hydrogen storage and transportation, and hydrogen applications 16‐19 .…”

“…Besides, the electrochemical hydrogen storage also possesses the merits of simplicity, reusability and safety 27 . The mechanism of electrochemical storage contains a few steps as described below: 13‐15,24,28‐31 …”