Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Emerging Materials for Gene Delivery Applications

Yazdani, Sara; Mozaffarian, Mehrdad; Pazuki, Gholamreza; Hadidi, Naghmeh; Villate-Beitia, Ilia; Zárate, Jon; Puras, Gustavo; Pedraz, Jose Luis

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16020288

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 361 publications

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“…33,34 Yazdani et al found that the carbonbased nanostructure, including carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, and nanodiamonds have potential application on gene delivery. 35 However, they still exhibit significant toxicity at the nanoscale. In a previous study, DWPs with a size comparable to real wear debris were known to possess a discernible degree of toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Toxicity of Structurally Different Diamond-Like Carbon Wear Debris in Joint Replacements

Liao,

Li,

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) wear debris, which is often composed of different types of structures, is generated from DLC-modified artificial joints in the human body, and its biocompatibility evaluation is especially important to prevent wear-debris-induced implant failure. Here, RAW 264.7 macrophages (inflammatory-reaction assay) and primary mouse osteoblasts (osteoblastogenesis assay) were employed to investigate the toxicity of DLC wear particles (DWPs) by evaluation of cell viability and morphology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Relevant histopathological analysis of rat joints was also performed in vivo. We found that DWPs with a relatively high sp2/sp3 ratio (graphite-phase tendency) manifested a higher cytotoxicity and significant inhibition of osteoblastogenesis. DWPs with a relatively low sp2/sp3 ratio (diamond-phase tendency) showed good biocompatibility in vivo. The DWPs exhibiting a low sp2/sp3 ratio demonstrated reduced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, along with increased secretion of TIMP-1, resulting in the downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and upregulation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), thereby attenuating the inflammatory response. Moreover, coculturing osteoblasts with DWPs exhibiting a low sp2/sp3 ratio resulted in an elevated OPG/RANKL ratio and increased expression of OPG mRNA. Because of the absence of electrostatic repulsion, DWPs with a relatively low sp2/sp3 ratio enhanced bovine serum albumin adsorption, which favored cellular activities. Cytotoxicity assessment of DWPs can help establish an evaluation system for particle-related joint disease and can facilitate the clinical application of DLC-coated prostheses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Toxicity of Structurally Different Diamond-Like Carbon Wear Debris in Joint Replacements

Liao,

Li,

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Kumar,

Ansari,

Basu

et al. 2024

Advanced Therapeutics

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as revolutionary tools, offering innovative approaches to both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges spanning various cancer types. CNTs serve as imaging agents for early detection through MRI, CT, and fluorescence. They provide precise results with biosensors detecting cancer biomarkers for rapid diagnosis. In cancer therapy, CNTs excel in targeted drug delivery, enhancing bioavailability and minimizing off‐target effects. Their prowess in photothermal therapy selectively eradicates cancer cells. Despite challenges, ongoing research highlights CNT's transformative potential, promising enhanced precision, efficacy, and personalized cancer care across diverse malignancies in future clinical practice.

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Nanocomposite Hydrogels: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Degenerative Joint Diseases

Chen,

Zheng,

Lin

et al. 2024

Small Science

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Degenerative joint diseases, as a global public health issue, impose significant burdens on patients’ lives and substantial economic costs on society. Currently, the primary modalities include physical therapy, pharmaceutical intervention, and surgical procedures. None of these approaches can alter the course of this degenerative process. Due to their commendable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and heightened efficacy in drug delivery, hydrogels present themselves as a novel noninvasive remedy for degenerative joint ailments. However, the clinical application of hydrogels still faces some challenges, including the uncontrolled discharge of encapsulated medications, the absence of adequate mechanical reinforcement for destabilized joints, and adaptability to fluctuating microenvironments. Recently, nanocomposite hydrogels, formed by introducing nanomaterials into hydrogels by physical or chemical means, can improve the limitations of hydrogels and extend their potential for biological applications in degenerative joint diseases. In this study, the pathologic features of degenerative joint diseases and the multiple applications of different types of nanocomposite hydrogels in targeting these different pathologic features are briefly described. It also concludes with an outlook on the use of nanocomposite hydrogels in clinical settings and discusses their challenges and limitations.

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Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Emerging Materials for Gene Delivery Applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 361 publications

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Toxicity of Structurally Different Diamond-Like Carbon Wear Debris in Joint Replacements

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Toxicity of Structurally Different Diamond-Like Carbon Wear Debris in Joint Replacements

Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Nanocomposite Hydrogels: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Degenerative Joint Diseases

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