Carbon-Based Piezoresistive Polymer Composites

Cravanzola, Sara; Cesano, Federico; Muscuso, Lucia; Scarano, Domenica; Zecchina, Adriano

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06611-0_4

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Piezoresistivity has long been reported for materials with intermediate levels of electrical conductivity. These materials include carbon fibers [14], carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites [3], carbon-carbon composite [15] and various composites with conductive fillers and low-conductivity (or non-conductive) matrices (preferably with the filler volume fraction close to the percolation threshold) [16][17][18][19][20][21]. An example of a composite with a conductive filler and a low-conductivity matrix is a cement-matrix composite with short carbon fiber [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Chung

2019

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Electret, piezoelectret, piezoresistivity and stress-dependent electric permittivity are reported in unmodified steels. Structural stress/strain self-sensing based on piezoelectret/piezoresistivity is demonstrated under tension. Structural self-powering is shown by the electret's inherent electric field, (2.224×10 −5 ) V m −1 and (1.051×10 −5 ) V m −1 , and power density, 29.2 and 41.8 W m −3 , for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively, being enabled by the electret's electrical conductivity. The free-electron-movement-enabled electrets are supported by the asymmetry in the polarization-induced apparent resistance relative to the true resistance upon polarity reversal. The electric field increases linearly with the inter-electrode distance l. An l increase causes the amount of participating free electrons to increase and the fraction of free electrons that participate to decrease; when l is tripled, the amount is increased by a factor of 1.011 and 1.021 for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively, while the fraction of free electrons that participate is decreased by a corresponding factor of 0.337 and 0.340. The higher values for stainless steel are consistent with the higher relative permittivity (2 kHz), 1.23×10 6 and 2.89×10 6 for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively. The capacitance (2 kHz) and electric field (DC) of the piezoelectret decrease nonlinearly with increasing stress, due to electret weakening; the decrease is reversible at stress 210 MPa, but is irreversible at stress 340 MPa (elastic regime). This effect is stronger for low carbon steel than stainless steel. The piezoelectret coupling coefficient d 33 is −(6.6±0.1)×10 −7 and −(3.6±0.2)×10 −7 pC N −1 for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively. The relative permittivity (2 kHz) decreases nonlinearly by 14% with stress 340 MPa. The piezoresistivity involves the DC resistivity decreasing nonlinearly and reversibly by 10% with stress 340 MPa; the gage factor is −1030 and −800 for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively. The reversibility upon unloading is superior for piezoresistivity than piezoelectret.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Chung

2019

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Designing rGO/MoS₂hybrid nanostructures for photocatalytic applications

et al. 2016

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Graphene and its derivatives exhibit large surface area, being ideal templates to facilitate the nucleation, growth or interaction of a huge variety of structures. Among them, molybdenum disulphide, with its structural and morphological compatibility with graphene, can be a candidate for achieving an excellent integration, to make new hybrid nanocomposites with outstanding characteristics. Among the synthesis methods of graphene/MoS2 composites, the solution-phase exfoliation of a MoS2/graphite mixture, by means of ultrasound vibrations, shows significant advantages in terms of large amount production without altering the main properties of 2D nanomaterials. Moreover MoS2, having a strong absorption in the visible, has been exploited as a novel visible light-sensitive semiconductor photocatalysts. But, due to the quick recombination of photo-generated charge carriers, the photocatalytic efficiency of MoS2 has to be further improved. Graphene and graphene related materials, as excellent electron-acceptor/transport materials, have been applied to photocatalysis, because they are able to decrease the photo-generated electron-hole recombination, thus improving the light absorption. Therefore, MoS2 and graphite oxide (GO) have been simultaneously sonicated in an ethanol/water mixture and characterized from the structure, morphology and electronic properties point of view. The composite was thermal treated in such a way to reduce GO and the photocatalytic activity of the reduced GO/MoS2 has been investigated by means of UV-vis spectroscopy, following the degradation of methylene-blue (MB) under solar-like irradiation.

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Carbon-Based Piezoresistive Polymer Composites

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Designing rGO/MoS₂hybrid nanostructures for photocatalytic applications

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Carbon-Based Piezoresistive Polymer Composites

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Designing rGO/MoS2hybrid nanostructures for photocatalytic applications

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Designing rGO/MoS₂hybrid nanostructures for photocatalytic applications