Carbon black: a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries

Alcántara, Ricardo; Jiménez-Mateos, J.M.; Lavela, Pedro; Tirado, J.L.

doi:10.1016/s1388-2481(01)00244-2

Cited by 368 publications

(240 citation statements)

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“…[15][16][17][18] For carbon-based electrode materials, much of the emphasis has been on hard carbons due to large interlayer spacing and disordered structure. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] For example, hard carbon prepared from pyrolyzed glucose, carbon black, and carbon microspheres have been shown to exhibit initial reversible capacities of 300 mAhg -1 , 200 mAhg -1 , and 285 mAhg -1 , respectively in a Na-ion cell. [15][16][17] More recently, another hard carbon material that could deliver a reversible capacity of more than 200 mAhg -1 over 100 cycles has been reported.…”

Section: %mentioning

confidence: 99%

MoS₂/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

2014

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We study the synthesis, electrochemical and mechanical performance of layered freestanding papers composed of acid exfoliated few layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) flakes for use as a self-standing flexible electrode in sodium ion batteries. Synthesis was achieved through vacuum filtration of homogenous dispersions consisting of varying wt. % of acid treated MoS 2 flakes in GO in DI water, followed by thermal reduction at elevated temperatures. The electrochemical performance of the crumpled composite paper (at 4 mg.cm -2 ) was evaluated as counter electrode against pure Na foil in a half-cell configuration. The electrode showed good Na cycling ability with a stable charge capacity of approx.230 mAh.g -1 with respect to total weight of the electrode with coulombic efficiency reaching approx. 99 %. In addition, static uniaxial tensile tests performed on crumpled composite papers showed high average strain to failure reaching approx. %.KEYWORDS: TMDC, sodium battery, freestanding electrode, graphene, MoS 2 2 Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively studied for energy-storage applications like portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. [1][2][3] However, concerns over the cost, safety and availability of Li reserves 4 for large-scale applications involving renewable energy integration and the electrical grid have to be answered. In this regard, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have drawn increasing attention because in contrast to lithium, 5-7 sodium resources are practically inexhaustible and evenly distributed around the world while the ion insertion chemistry is largely identical to that of lithium. Also, from electrochemical point of view, sodium has a very negative redox potential (-2.71 V, vs. SHE) and a small electrochemical equivalent (0.86 gAh -1 ), which make it the most advantageous element for battery applications after lithium. However, many challenges remain before SIBs can become commercially competitive with LIBs. For instance, Na ions are about 55% larger in radius than Li-ions, which makes it difficult to find a suitable host material to allow reversible and rapid ion insertion and extraction. 8 To this end, researchers have proposed a number of high-capacity sodium host materials (negative electrode) involving either carbon or group IVA and VA elements that form intermetallic compounds with Na. [9][10][11][12][13] The alloying compounds demonstrate high first cycle Na-storage capacities, such as Na 15 Sn 4 (847 mAhg -1 ), Na 15 Pb 4 (485 mAhg -1 ), Na 3 Sb (600 mAhg -1 ) and Na 3 P (2560 mAhg -1 ), respectively. However, this comes at the cost of very high volume change upon Na-insertion (as much as 500 % in some cases), resulting in formation of internal cracks, loss of electrical contact, and eventual failure of the electrode (particularly for thick electrodes). 14 Novel nanostructured designs that can accommodate large volumetric strains need further exploration. [15][16][17][18] For carbon-based electrode materials, much of the emphasis ...

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Section: %mentioning

confidence: 99%

MoS₂/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

2014

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“…For the anode of sodium ion batteries, various carbon materials and their composites with metals or metal oxides have been tested instead of graphite. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In this context, we have recently reported that graphite oxide (hereafter abbreviated as GO) thermally reduced at 300°C under vacuum delivered a high capacity of 250 mAh/g and sodium ions were intercalated into it, based on the increase in the interlayer spacing after sodium storage. 14 In addition, we have also found that the carbon obtained at 900°C still showed 190 mAh/g of capacity (corresponds to the composition of NaC 12 ), though the interlayer spacing of it was almost the same as that of graphite and the regularity of the orientation of carbon layers was relatively high when compared with non-graphitized carbons obtained by heating precursors at lower temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Intercalation of Sodium Ions into Thermally Reduced Graphite Oxide

et al. 2015

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The structure of carbon obtained from the thermal reduction of graphite oxide at 900°C after electrochemical storage sodium ions was investigated. X-ray diffraction measurement of the carbon sample after charged to various potentials indicated that sodium ions are stored between the layers of carbon below 0.3 V vs. Na/Na + though the interlayer spacing of it was similar to that of graphite. The lower LUMO energy as revealed from the broad π* peak in the region of CK observed in soft X-ray absorption measurement was responsible for the intercalation of a large amount of sodium ions into the present carbon material.

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“…Due to the fineness of carbon black particles its addition makes cells considerably more brittle [13] and inclusion of a plasticiser proved to be essential when using carbon black in the cement paste in these proportions. Carbon black particles have a graphite-type crystalline structure, which improves electrical conductivity and is, therefore, more typically used in electrode materials [33,34]. It is therefore likely that the increase in voltage is due to the carbon black particles in contact with the electrode.…”

Section: Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising the Performance of Cement-Based Batteries

Byrne¹,

Barry²,

Holmes³

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The development of a battery using different cement-based electrolytes to provide a low but potentially sustainable source of electricity is described. The current, voltage, and lifespan of batteries produced using different electrolyte additives, copper plate cathodes, and (usually) aluminium plate anodes were compared to identify the optimum design, components, and proportions to increase power output and longevity. Parameters examined include water/cement ratio, anode to cathode surface area ratio, electrode material, electrode spacing, and the effect of sand, aggregate, salts, carbon black, silica fume, and sodium silicate on the electrolyte. The results indicate that the greatest and longest lasting power can be achieved using high proportions of water, carbon black, plasticiser, salts, and silica fume in the electrolyte and using a magnesium anode and copper cathode. This cell produced an open-circuit voltage of 1.55 V, a resistor-loaded peak current over 4 mA, maintaining over 1 mA for 4 days, and a quasi steady current of 0.59 mA with a lifespan of over 21 days.

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Carbon black: a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries

Cited by 368 publications

References 16 publications

MoS₂/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

MoS₂/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Electrochemical Intercalation of Sodium Ions into Thermally Reduced Graphite Oxide

Optimising the Performance of Cement-Based Batteries

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Carbon black: a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries

Cited by 368 publications

References 16 publications

MoS2/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

MoS2/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Electrochemical Intercalation of Sodium Ions into Thermally Reduced Graphite Oxide

Optimising the Performance of Cement-Based Batteries

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MoS₂/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

MoS₂/Graphene Composite Paper for Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes