Carbon Black as Conductive Additive and Structural Director of Porous Carbon Gels

Abstract

This work investigates the impact of carbon black (CB) as a porogenic agent and conductive additive in the preparation of electrically conductive nanoporous carbon gels. For this, a series of materials were prepared by the polycondensation of resorcinol/formaldehyde mixtures in the presence of increasing amounts of carbon black. The conductivity of the carbon gel/CB composites increased considerably with the amount of CB, indicating a good dispersion of the additive within the carbon matrix. A percolation threshold of ca. 8 wt.% of conductive additive was found to achieve an adequate “point to point” conductive network. This value is higher than that reported for other additives, owing to the synthetic route chosen, as the additive was incorporated in the reactant’s mixture (pre-synthesis) rather than in the formulation of the electrodes ink (post-synthesis). The CB strongly influenced the development of the porous architecture of the gels that exhibited a multimodal mesopore structure comprised of two distinct pore networks. The microporosity and the primary mesopore structure remained rather unchanged. On the contrary, a secondary network of mesopores was formed in the presence of the additive. Furthermore, the average mesopore size and the volume of the secondary network increased with the amount of CB.

Impact of Particles on Pulmonary Endothelial Cells

“…CB is a fine material that is used as a black pigment and is produced by the thermal decomposition of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons under controlled conditions, which mainly consist of elemental carbon, with the rest being hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, organic carbon, extractable organic materials and ash [15]. CB has high chemical stability and electrical conductivity and is a conductive additive [16]. Exposure to CB occurs in workers in industries that produce rubber and fortify vehicle tires and other rubber products, and it is used in coatings, plastics, inks or paints, ceramics, paper, battery production, carbon electrode production and in metallurgical processes such as carburisation [15].…”

Mesoporous Carbon as Conductive Additive to Improve the High‐Rate Charge/Discharge Capacity of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The commonly used conductive additives are carbon-derived nanomaterials with high specific surface area. [28][29][30][31][32] To date, Super-P with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-specific surface area of approximate 60 m 2 g À1 , one of the representative commercial carbon blacks, has been widely used in LIBs. [33] Super-P possesses a chain or cluster-like aggregate structure, composed of primary spherical carbon nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 35 nm.…”

High‐sensitivity Raman imaging of the surface of casted glass plates

“…The resulting image conveys information on the uniformity of the Raman response across the surface, indicating local composition, structure, or phase fluctuations, for example. Coupling imaging with the high sensitivity that modern systems can achieve allows for the identification of fluctuations otherwise not visible by simple spectra comparison, offering new insights on cultural heritage materials, [9] ceramics, [10,11] glasses, [12] or powdered carbon materials [13] …”

“…Coupling imaging with the high sensitivity that modern systems can achieve allows for the identification of fluctuations otherwise not visible by simple spectra comparison, offering new insights on cultural heritage materials, [9] ceramics, [10,11] glasses, [12] or powdered carbon materials. [13] Most industrial glasses are synthesized through macroscopic processes such as the industrial "float" and "fusion-draw" processes, injection molding, or at smaller scales by casting. Due to their nature, these manufacturing steps occasionally induce viscosity, density, or composition gradients, and from these effects may result macroscopic variations of the glass properties that can be detrimental to the final products.…”