Carbon black dispersions and carbon–silver combinations as thermal pastes that surpass commercial silver and ceramic pastes in providing high thermal contact conductance

Leong, Chia-Ken; Chung, D.D.L.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.05.013

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The density of the graphite in the resulting composite (after the entire fabrication process) was taken as 0.82 g/cm 3 ( Table I). The heating that followed the compression was performed in two steps in a hydraulic hot press (Carver, with steel platens sandwiching the specimen mold) used without pressure application.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3,[5][6][7]10,50 ) also tested between copper surfaces with the same surface roughness and same contact pressures as in this work. The other TIM materials include thermal pastes, unmodified flexible graphite, thermal-paste-penetrated flexible graphite, thermal-paste-coated flexible graphite, and thermal-paste-coated metal foils.…”

Section: Comparison With Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison involves a large variety of TIMs, due to the extensive prior work of one of the authors (D.D.L.C.). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]10,11,20,21 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES…”

Section: à6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the sake of conformability, the vehicle should be sufficiently fluid. Silver particles, 2,3 carbon black, [4][5][6] and graphite nanoplatelets 7,8 are effective particles for formulating thermal pastes. Due to the attraction of a paste that is electrically nonconductive, zinc oxide particles 9 and fumed alumina particles 10 are also used to formulate thermal pastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solder–Graphite Network Composite Sheets as High-Performance Thermal Interface Materials

Sharma

Chung

2015

Journal of Elec Materi

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Low-cost solder-graphite composite sheets ( ‡55 vol.% solder), with solder and graphite forming interpenetrating networks to a degree, are excellent thermal interface materials (TIMs). Solders 63Sn-37Pb and 95.5Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu are separately used, with the latter performing better. In composite fabrication, a mixture of micrometer-size solder powder and ozone-treated exfoliated graphite is compressed to form a graphite network, followed by fluxless solder reflow and subsequent hot pressing to form the solder network. The network connectivity (enhanced by ozone treatment) is lower in the through-thickness direction. The electrical conductivity obeys the rule of mixtures (parallel model in-plane and series model through-thickness), with anisotropy 7. Thermal contact conductance £26 9 10 4 W/(m 2 K) (with 15-lm-roughness copper sandwiching surfaces), through-thickness thermal conductivity £52 W/ (m K), and in-plane thermal expansion coefficient 1 9 10 À5 /°C are obtained. The contact conductance exceeds or is comparable to that of all other TIMs, provided that solder reflow has occurred and the composite thickness is £100 lm. Upon decreasing the thickness below 100 lm, the sandwich thermal resistivity decreases abruptly, the composite through-thickness thermal conductivity increases abruptly to values comparable to the calculated values based on the rule of mixtures (parallel model), and the composite-copper interfacial thermal resistivity (rather than the composite resistivity) becomes dominant.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison involves a large variety of TIMs, due to the extensive prior work of one of the authors (D.D.L.C.). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]10,11,20,21 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES…”

Section: à6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solder–Graphite Network Composite Sheets as High-Performance Thermal Interface Materials

Sharma

Chung

2015

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…For the chemical composition of the thermal grease is very important that its surface (which is very irregular) is composed of a plastic material, e.g., silicone oil and other component that is also a good conducting (zinc oxide, carbon black, graphite, and silver). 24,25 To check the influence of thermal grease on the thermal wave response, under absorbing conditions for an optically opaque layer, grease were put on top of two different substrates (grade American Iron and Steel Institute-AISI), AISI 304 or AISI 316 stainless steel and glass soda lime. Grease thicknesses were (38,90,166, and 343) lm on glass and (10, 60, 100, 170, and 340) lm on stainless steel.…”

Section: A Thermal Coupling Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive thermal wave method applied to study thermal properties of fast setting time endodontic cement

Picolloto

Mariucci

Szpak

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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The thermal wave method is applied for thermal properties measurement in fast endodontic cement (CER). This new formula is developed upon using Portland cement in gel and it was successfully tested in mice with good biocompatibility and stimulated mineralization. Recently, thermal expansion and setting time were measured, conferring to this material twice faster hardening than the well known Angelus Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) the feature of fast hardening (∼7 min) and with similar thermal expansion (∼12 μstrain/ °C). Therefore, it is important the knowledge of thermal properties like thermal diffusivity, conductivity, effusivity in order to match thermally the tissue environment upon its application in filling cavities of teeth. Photothermal radiometry technique based on Xe illumination was applied in CER disks 600 μm thick for heating, with prepared in four particle sizes (25, 38, 45, and 53) μm, which were added microemulsion gel with variation volumes (140, 150, 160, and 170) μl. The behavior of the thermal diffusivity CER disks shows linear decay for increase emulsion volume, and in contrast, thermal diffusivity increases with particles sizes. Aiming to compare to MTA, thermal properties of CER were averaged to get the figure of merit for thermal diffusivity as (44.2 ± 3.6) × 10−3 cm2/s, for thermal conductivity (228 ± 32) mW/cm K, the thermal effusivity (1.09 ± 0.06) W s0.5/cm2 K and volume heat capacity (5.2 ± 0.7) J/cm3 K, which are in excellent agreement with results of a disk prepared from commercial MTA-Angelus (grain size < 10 μm using 57 μl of distilled water).

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Electrical and thermal studies of the distribution of carbon black in a polyester matrix in the presence of aluminum oxide

Mansour

Abd‐El‐Messieh

Abd‐El‐Nour

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The distribution of a filler in a polymeric matrix is one of the most important factors affecting the physical properties of the final product. For this reason, the main objective of this study was to introduce aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), acting as a dispersing agent, to reduce the filler-filler interaction and enhance the filler-polymer interaction. To achieve this aim, the electrical behavior of a styrenated polyester resin filled with different amounts of high-abrasion furnace black in the presence of 5% Al 2 O 3 was studied in the vicinity of the percolation threshold to evaluate the effect of the addition of Al 2 O 3 in an attempt to reduce the filler-filler interaction through the polyester matrix. At a certain concentration of carbon black, an abrupt increase was noticed through electrical conductivity, permittivity, and dielectric loss investigations. With this increase, the tendency of conductive chain formation increased through the aggregation of a carbon black particle network. The addition of 5% Al 2 O 3 improved the filler distribution by lowering the aggregate size and consequently enhanced the formation of the network. From the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were obtained, and they confirmed the validity of the compensation law for the semiconducting composite systems. The composites were also analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Al 2 O 3 improved the thermal stability of the composites in comparison with that of a sample free of Al 2 O 3 .

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Carbon black dispersions and carbon–silver combinations as thermal pastes that surpass commercial silver and ceramic pastes in providing high thermal contact conductance

Cited by 53 publications

References 5 publications

Solder–Graphite Network Composite Sheets as High-Performance Thermal Interface Materials

Solder–Graphite Network Composite Sheets as High-Performance Thermal Interface Materials

Non-destructive thermal wave method applied to study thermal properties of fast setting time endodontic cement

Electrical and thermal studies of the distribution of carbon black in a polyester matrix in the presence of aluminum oxide

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