Carbon Black Loaded Composite Poly(Dimethyl Siloxane) Membrane Preparation and Application for Hazardous Chemical Removal from Water

Abstract

Industrial waste-water contains hundreds of hazardous chemical components such as volatile organic compounds. Several of the chemicals, such as acetone, are soluble in water. These chemicals pose a threat to the human health and ecosystem. The governments are interested in decreasing the concentration of these chemicals in waste-water by making environmental regulations. Most of the chemical industries have their own waste-water treatment units. These units can separate impurities down to ppm level. After that point, more complicated and costly methods are required. Alternatively, membrane separation methods, such as pervaporation can be used for selective separations of the volatile organic compounds. Pervaporative separation system is defined as environmentally friendly, cost effective process to separate azeotropic and water soluble mixtures. The membrane is the main constituent of the pervaporation and the performance of the separation is directly affected by the membrane selection. In this study, carbon black loaded poly(dimethyl siloxane) mixed matrix membrane was prepared to separate acetone from water by pervaporation. Thermal gravimetric analysis was applied to determine the thermal behavior of the membrane. Inorganic distribution was monitored by means of polarized electron microscopy. Contact angle measurement was applied to determine the effect of filler incorporation on the polymer hydrophobicity. Effect of temperature and feed molar ratio on acetone selectivity and flux were determined.

Preparation of polymer of intrinsic microporosity composite membranes and their applications for butanol recovery

“…As a result, α appeared to drop continuously as T increased. This was ascribed to the fact that the diffusion rates of butanol and water vapor molecules were both enhanced, whereas the improvement of the free volume as a consequence of the temperature increase was more efficient in the diffusion of water molecule because of its smaller kinetic diameter …”

“…This was ascribed to the fact that the diffusion rates of butanol and water vapor molecules were both enhanced, whereas the improvement of the free volume as a consequence of the temperature increase was more efficient in the diffusion of water molecule because of its smaller kinetic diameter. 26,43 Effect of the Feed Concentration. Figure 9 presents the effect of the feed concentration on the PV performances for the 4 wt % APTS-CB-filled PIM-1 composite membranes with butanol aqueous solutions at 30 C. The membranes had tendencies to grow in permeability and drop in selectivity in the butanol concentration range of 5-25 wt %.…”

“…Carbon black (CB) is a form of paracrystalline carbon with a large specific surface area that is commonly used as a reinforcing filler in rubbers or a color pigment in plastics and paints. In terms of its high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, low cost, and easy production, it has also been incorporated into polymeric matrixes to prepare mixed‐matrix membranes and enhance their performances in the separation of organic compounds from their dilute solutions via PV . Consequently, in this study, we fabricated novel composite membranes by introducing CBs into a PIM‐1 matrix to removal butanol from diluted aqueous solutions by PV.…”

“…In terms of its high surface-area-to-volume ratio, low cost, and easy production, it has also been incorporated into polymeric matrixes to prepare mixed-matrix membranes and enhance their performances in the separation of organic compounds from their dilute solutions via PV. [26][27][28] Consequently, in this study, we fabricated novel composite membranes by introducing CBs into a PIM-1 matrix to removal butanol from diluted aqueous solutions by PV. The CB nanoparticles were functionalized in advance with a silane coupling agent to reduce their agglomeration and enhance their compatibility and dispersion within PIM-1.…”

Activation Conditions of Kutahya-Unye Bentonite for Removal of Nickel from Waste Water

“…So, it has to be activated. Also, there are studies in the literature about removal of heavy metals in the water by using activated "sodium" bentonite as an adsorbent [5][6][7][8].…”