Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages

Barlow, Peter G.; Clouter-Baker, Anna; Donaldson, Ken; MacCallum, J.; Stone, Vicki

doi:10.1186/1743-8977-2-11

Cited by 108 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…To investigate lytic virus growth after primary infection in the presence or absence of NP, we performed multistep growth curves in murine alveolar epithelial cells (LA-4 cell line) and alveolar macrophages (MH-S cell line). Alveolar macrophages act as the first defense against inhaled NP [25] whereas alveolar epithelial cells create the large respiratory surface area of the lung and are known to support acute lytic virus replication after intranasal infection [12]. As stimulating carbonaceous NP, we used Printex 90 (CNP) which represents a widely used and well characterized type of carbon black with well described effects on inflammatory and oxidative stress related processes [26, 27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection

et al. 2017

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BackgroundInhalation of environmental (nano) particles (NP) as well as persistent herpesvirus-infection are potentially associated with chronic lung disease and as both are omnipresent in human society a coincidence of these two factors is highly likely. We hypothesized that NP-exposure of persistently herpesvirus-infected cells as a second hit might disrupt immune control of viral latency, provoke reactivation of latent virus and eventually lead to an inflammatory response and tissue damage.ResultsTo test this hypothesis, we applied different NP to cells or mice latently infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) which provides a small animal model for the study of gammaherpesvirus-pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, NP-exposure induced expression of the typically lytic viral gene ORF50 and production of lytic virus. In vivo, lytic viral proteins in the lung increased after intratracheal instillation with NP and elevated expression of the viral gene ORF50 could be detected in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage. Gene expression and metabolome analysis of whole lung tissue revealed patterns with striking similarities to acute infection. Likewise, NP-exposure of human cells latently infected with Epstein-Barr-Virus also induced virus production.ConclusionsOur results indicate that NP-exposure of persistently herpesvirus-infected cells – murine or human – restores molecular signatures found in acute virus infection, boosts production of lytic viral proteins, and induces an inflammatory response in the lung – a combination which might finally result in tissue damage and pathological alterations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0181-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection

et al. 2017

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“…It was noted that a significant pro-inflammatory response occurred in the epithelial cells, yet when this conditioned cell culture media (containing the pro-inflammatory mediators) was subsequently applied to alveolar macrophages, it proceeded to engage macrophage chemotaxis (42). Further, in the study of Shaw et al , cell culture media was retained from macrophages exposed to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and then applied to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).…”

Section: The Conditioned Culture Medium Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of the current and future challenges associated with advancedin vitrosystems towards the study of nanoparticle (secondary) genotoxicity

Evans

Clift

Singh

et al. 2016

MUTAGE

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With the need to understand the potential biological impact of the plethora of nanoparticles (NPs) being manufactured for a wide range of potential human applications, due to their inevitable human exposure, research activities in the field of NP toxicology has grown exponentially over the last decade. Whilst such increased research efforts have elucidated an increasingly significant knowledge base pertaining to the potential human health hazard posed by NPs, understanding regarding the possibility for NPs to elicit genotoxicity is limited. In vivo models are unable to adequately discriminate between the specific modes of action associated with the onset of genotoxicity. Additionally, in line with the recent European directives, there is an inherent need to move away from invasive animal testing strategies. Thus, in vitro systems are an important tool for expanding our mechanistic insight into NP genotoxicity. Yet uncertainty remains concerning their validity and specificity for this purpose due to the unique challenges presented when correlating NP behaviour in vitro and in vivo. This review therefore highlights the current state of the art in advanced in vitro systems and their specific advantages and disadvantages from a NP genotoxicity testing perspective. Key indicators will be given related to how these systems might be used or improved to enhance understanding of NP genotoxicity.

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“…Thus, some works have been published on the toxicity of this and other carbonaceous materials. 22,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Surprisingly, those who planned to use SWCNTs for biomedical purposes 43,44,47 or gene/DNA transfer applications 40,46 did not detect a cytotoxic effect, whereas the more environmental or toxicological oriented groups did. [38][39][40][41][42] For the assessment of acute cytotoxicity, several methods have been developed that are applicable and well-described in the literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oops They Did It Again! Carbon Nanotubes Hoax Scientists in Viability Assays

2006

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New materials of emerging technological importance are single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Because SWCNTs will be used in commercial products in huge amounts, their effects on human health and the environment have been addressed in several studies. Inhalation studies in vivo and submerse applications in vitro have been described with diverging results. Why some indicate a strong cytotoxicity and some do not is what we report on here. Data from A549 cells incubated with carbon nanotubes fake a strong cytotoxic effect within the MTT assay after 24 h that reaches roughly 50%, whereas the same treatment with SWCNTs, but detection with WST-1, reveals no cytotoxicity. LDH, FACSassisted mitochondrial membrane potential determination, and Annexin-V/PI staining also reveal no cytotocicity. SWCNTs appear to interact with some tetrazolium salts such as MTT but not with others (such as WST-1, INT, XTT). This interference does not seem to affect the enzymatic reaction but lies rather in the insoluble nature of MTT−formazan. Our findings strongly suggest verifying cytotoxicity data with at least two or more independent test systems for this new class of materials (nanomaterials). Moreover, we intensely recommend standardizing nanotoxicological assays with regard to the material used: there is a clear need for reference materials. MTT−formazan crystals formed in the MTT reaction are lumped with nanotubes and offer a potential mechanism to guide bioremediation and clearance for SWCNTs from "contaminated" tissue. SWCNTs are good supporting materials for tissue growth, as attachment of focal adhesions and connections to the cytoskeleton suggest.

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Carbon black nanoparticles induce type II epithelial cells to release chemotaxins for alveolar macrophages

Cited by 108 publications

References 47 publications

Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection

Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection

Critical review of the current and future challenges associated with advancedin vitrosystems towards the study of nanoparticle (secondary) genotoxicity

Oops They Did It Again! Carbon Nanotubes Hoax Scientists in Viability Assays

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