Carbon capture and storage technology by steel-making slags: Recent progress and future challenges

CO₂ Sequestration Through Aqueous Carbonation of Electric Arc Furnace Slag

“…The wet conditions are commonly divided into wet carbonation (applied to powdered samples with low liquid-to-solid ratio <1.5) and aqueous carbonation (applied to powdered samples by preparation of a slurry solution with liquid-to-solid ratio ≥3). At ambient pressure the aqueous carbonation was proven to be the process with higher capacity of capturing CO2, especially for materials containing calcium silicates (Chang et al 2011a;Baciocchi et al 2015;Zhang et al 2023).…”

“…While final temperatures frequently used are: 800°C (Huntzinger et al 2009a(Huntzinger et al , 2009bGhacham et al 2017), 850°C (Huntzinger et al 2009a(Huntzinger et al , 2009bChang et al 2011a;Pan et al 2014;Mo et al 2016;Xuan et al 2016;Mahoutian et al 2018;Moon and Choi 2018;Liu et al 2020) or 1000°C (Humbert et al 2019). Other CO2 quantification techniques adopted are based on mass gain, inorganic carbon analysis, acid digestion and CO 2 analyzer (Unluer and Al-Tabbaa 2013;Ferrara et al 2023;Zhang et al 2023). The use of each methodology implies different equations adopted and new systematic error introduced.…”

“…Shrinkage core model demonstrated to be the most suitable model describing EAF slag carbonation rate(Chang et al 2011a(Chang et al , 2013Kim and Azimi 2021). For what concerns the reaction mechanism, according to literature(Kim and Azimi 2021;Zhang et al 2023), it includes three steps: leaching of calcium ions from the main reactive phases (Ca2SiO4 and Ca 3 MgSi 2 O 8 ), dissolving of carbon dioxide into solution, and precipitation of calcium carbonate. Calcium leaching is favored by CO 2 injection and dissolution which produces a pH decrease.…”

Industrial Symbiosis: CO2 Utilization by Producing Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate and Baking Soda from Borax

“…CO 2 can, for instance, be utilized and sequestered by reacting with group I or II alkali metal minerals, waste, and/or waste products from the manufacturing of carbonate products. A process known as ″CO 2 mineralization″ has long been investigated in various forms to bind CO 2 and safely store it in the form of carbonates in igneous rocks (such as serpentines and wollastonite) and industrial wastes (such as cement and lime kiln dusts, power plant fly ash, and stainless-steel slags) with large contents of alkaline components, such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO) − x M O · y normalS normali normalO 2 · z normalH 2 normalO ( s ) + CO 2 → x normalM normalC normalO 3 ( s ) + y normalS normali normalO 2 ( s ) + z normalH 2 normalO + Heat where M denotes Ca and/or Mg.…”

Gas and slurry flow behaviors in a CO2‐mineralization spray tower reactor

“…As a typical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) utilization path, the reaction process of using industrial solid waste (carbide slag, desulfurization slag, steel slag, etc.) to absorb CO 2 from flue gas (also known as CO 2 ‐mineralization technology) can not only effectively captures and stores CO 2 , but also realize the recycling of valuable components such as calcium and magnesium from industrial solid waste 4,5 . Compared to similar technologies such as geological storage and ocean storage, it has the advantages of circular economy and environmental protection 6,7 …”