Carbon catalysts for reactions relevant to coal liquefaction

Farcasiu, M.; Kaufman, Phillip B.; Ladner, Edward P.; Derbyshire, F.J.; Jagtoyen, M.

doi:10.1016/s0167-9449(06)80042-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Some carbon materials, such as activated carbon − and carbon black, − also catalyze the formation and transfer of H • by homogeneously splitting H-H bond in H 2 . Adding sulfur promotes di(1-naphthyl)methane hydrocracking over an activated carbon due to the formation of H 2 S by the reaction of H 2 with the added sulfur over the activated carbon and the much weaker H-S-H bond than H-H bond, and the synergistically increased di(1-naphthyl)methane conversion increases with raising the reaction temperature up to 350 °C …”

Section: The Roles Of Benzylic Hydrogen H• and Biatomic Active Hydrog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Catalytic Hydroconversion of Typical Heavy Carbon Resources under Mild Conditions

Wei

Bai

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Low-rank coals, biomass, and heavy petroleum are typical heavy carbon resources, which are currently not efficiently used, and many processes for the current use of the heavy carbon resources cause severe environmental pollution with very limited economic benefits even with a great deficit. Efficiently using the heavy carbon resources can greatly improve the environment and create huge economic benefits. The main difficulty in efficiently using the heavy carbon resources is the high content of aromatic rings (ARs) and heteroatoms in addition to the insoluble and complex macromolecular structures of the heavy carbon resources. Catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) includes catalytic hydrocracking and subsequent catalytic hydrofining. Many low-rank coals consist of macromolecular species, which are rich in bridged linkages connecting structural units, especially ARs, on which side chains are usually contained. Many ARs, bridged linkages, and side chains contain heteroatoms. Over a proper active catalyst, many bridged linkages and even some side chains can be cleaved, and many heteroatoms outside the ARs can be removed by the CHC under mild conditions to get soluble portions with relatively simple composition, facilitating subsequent separation to obtain pure chemicals, especially value-added products, such as condensed aromatics. The remaining economically inseparable species can be converted to liquid chemicals, especially nonsubstituted and alkyl-substituted cyclanes, by subsequent catalytic hydrofining. Catalysts and catalytically formed active hydrogen play crucial roles in the processes. Mainly based on our investigations, the related advances are reviewed in this work.

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Section: The Roles Of Benzylic Hydrogen H• and Biatomic Active Hydrog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Catalytic Hydroconversion of Typical Heavy Carbon Resources under Mild Conditions

Wei

Bai

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The catalyst was also evaluated batch-wise separately t o determine its activity (Farcasiu & Smith, 1991). This catalyst shows a typical acid catalyst as opposed to the non-acidic catalyst, such as carbon, discussed in the literature for the decomposition of the model compound (Farcasiu & Kaufman, 1995).…”

Section: Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced coal liquefaction. Final project report

1996

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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or respoirsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document m y be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced fiom the best available original document.

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“…It is generally known that some of them catalyze reactions − such as chlorinations, oxidations of SO 2 , NO, and H 2 S, and oxidative dehydrogenations of hydrocarbons as well as alcohols. Additionally, some recent studies have shown that some carbon materials are active for the cleavage of C−C bonds, − degradation of polyethylene, , dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, , and dehydration as well as dehydrogenation of ethanol, 2-propanol, and 2-butanol. − Under reduction conditions in the presence of hydrogen donor solvents, they are also found to catalyze the hydrogenolysis of benzyl-methylnaphthalenes and the dehydroxylation and dehalogenation of substituted polycyclic aromatics with the hydrogenation of ring . All these suggest that carbon materials used as supports may not be innocent, but may function as catalysts in some reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Hydrogen Transfer in the Hydrogenation of Anthracene over Activated Carbon

Zhang¹,

Yoshida²

2001

Energy Fuels

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The behavior of hydrogen transfer over activated carbon was examined through the hydrogenation of anthracene in the temperature range of 300-400°C with three kinds of hydrogen sources: hydrogen gas, hydrogen-donor tetralin, and the combination of both. With hydrogen gas, the hydrogen transfer rate determined from the distribution of hydrogenated anthracene products increased with both hydrogen partial pressure and temperature, while in tetralin it depended on the concentration of hydrogen atoms formed on the surface of activated carbon by the dehydrogenation of tetralin and reached levels at temperatures of 350-400°C comparable to those obtained in the same temperatures under 6.0 MPa of H 2 . When both hydrogen gas and tetralin were used together, the hydrogen transfer rate was higher than each one obtained separately with hydrogen gas alone or tetralin alone, but much lower than the simple sum of both rates in the range of 350-400°C. Simultaneously, the hydrogen formation rate based on the conversion of tetralin in this case was greatly suppressed due to the presence of hydrogen gas and measured to be quite close to the corresponding hydrogen transfer rate. This indicates that the hydrogen transfer in the hydrogenation of anthracene over activated carbon mainly took place from tetralin to anthracene when both hydrogen gas and tetralin donor were used as hydrogen source together.

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Carbon catalysts for reactions relevant to coal liquefaction

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Advances in Catalytic Hydroconversion of Typical Heavy Carbon Resources under Mild Conditions

Advances in Catalytic Hydroconversion of Typical Heavy Carbon Resources under Mild Conditions

Advanced coal liquefaction. Final project report

Behavior of Hydrogen Transfer in the Hydrogenation of Anthracene over Activated Carbon

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