“…As such, the pursuit of bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent activity and durability for both the OER and HER is hopeful to simplify the electrolyzer system, avoid mismatched HER/OER catalysts in the same electrolyte, and further lower the economic cost of water splitting. Meanwhile, abundant efforts have been made to develop low-cost alternative catalysts for the HER or OER, typically including first-row transition-metal (Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn) chalcogenides, , phosphides, carbides, nitrides, etc. To improve their sluggish HER and OER kinetics in the same electrolyte, diverse effective strategies have been developed to modify the dual-active structures by building a synergistic effect between dissimilar active species, controlling morphologies/decreasing dimension to increase utilization of active species, and applying conductive substrates to facilitate electron transfer .…”