Carbon coatings with low secondary electron yield

Pinto, P. Costa; Calatroni, S.; Neupert, H.; Letant-Delrieux, D.; Edwards, P. R.; Chiggiato, Paolo; Taborelli, M.; Vollenberg, W.; Yin-Vallgren, C.; Colaux, Julien L.; Lucas, Stéphane

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2013.03.001

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…3(a). Details of the SEY measurement technique are discussed elsewhere [6]. The SEY of a typical Ti-or a-C-coated Cu sample is also shown for reference in Fig.…”

Section: B Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a second step, without intermediate exposure to the atmosphere, the a-C layer is deposited on top of the titanium. During the deposition of the carbon, titanium is also simultaneously deposited (and subsequently covered with the carbon as the sputtering source advances along the beam screen), in order to maintain a low partial pressure of hydrogen in the discharge gas via getter-pumping effect and ensure the low SEYof the a-C layer [6]. The chosen thicknesses are 250 nm for the titanium and 100 nm for the a-C films.…”

Section: Carbon Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings [6] have been extensively validated and applied to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator at CERN and are the baseline surface treatment selected for the HL-LHC. These will be applied through a combination of ex situ and in situ coatings, either for the new focusing magnets in the highluminosity interaction regions (IR1 and IR5) or for retrofitting of the existing ones in the low-luminosity interaction regions (IR2 and IR8) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryogenic surface resistance of copper: Investigation of the impact of surface treatments for secondary electron yield reduction

Calatroni

Arzeo

Aull

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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The surface resistance of copper samples with an amorphous carbon (a-C) coating or with laser surface structuring, the surface treatments of choice for electron cloud suppression in critical cryogenic sectors of the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), has been measured for the first time at a cryogenic temperature using the quadrupole resonator at CERN. Three different frequencies of relevance for evaluating beam impedance effects, namely, 400, 800, and 1200 MHz, have been investigated. No significant increase in surface resistance is observed for the a-C coating, compared to plain copper. In the case of laser structuring, the surface resistance depends on the direction of the surface currents relative to the laser-engraved groove pattern. The increase is minimal for parallel patterns, but in the perpendicular case the surface resistance increases considerably. Radio frequency (rf) heating from wake losses would then also increase in the HL-LHC case; however, the reduction in the power deposited onto the cold surfaces thanks to electron cloud suppression would still outweigh this effect.

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“…3(a). Details of the SEY measurement technique are discussed elsewhere [6]. The SEY of a typical Ti-or a-C-coated Cu sample is also shown for reference in Fig.…”

Section: B Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cryogenic surface resistance of copper: Investigation of the impact of surface treatments for secondary electron yield reduction

Calatroni

Arzeo

Aull

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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“…Various methods, such as the electrode cleaning, the solenoid, the beam scrubbing, the film coatings, and geometrical modification (like laser processed surfaces), have been developed for EC mitigation in accelerators and colliders, as shown in Figure 3 [64][65][66][67]. The test results in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) showed that the solenoids with the magnetic field of 0.5 mT were effective for the EC suppression [64].…”

Section: Electron Cloud Mitigation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test results in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) showed that the solenoids with the magnetic field of 0.5 mT were effective for the EC suppression [64]. With the advantage of no additional parts introduced, film coatings (like TiN coatings, diamond-like carbon film, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, and the amorphous carbon film) [66] and geometrical modification methods were studied widely.…”

Section: Electron Cloud Mitigation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Key Issues of Vacuum System Design in Accelerators and Colliders

Wang¹,

Wang²

2020

Accelerators and Colliders

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As we all know, vacuum system is the essential part for the accelerators and colliders, which provide the vacuum environment to minimize beam-gas interactions and maintain normal operation of the beams. With the proposals of future accelerators and colliders, such as Future Circular Collider (FCC), Super Proton-Proton Collider (SPPC), and International Linear Collider (ILC), it is time to review and focus on the key technologies involved in the optimization designs of the vacuum system of various kinds of accelerators and colliders. High vacuum gradient and electron cloud are the key issues for the vacuum system design of high-energy accelerators and colliders. This chapter gives a brief overview of these two key issues of vacuum system design and operations in high-energy, highintensity, and high-luminosity accelerators and collider. Keywords: vacuum system, beam-gas interaction, electron cloud, secondary electron yield, non-evaporable gettersAccelerators and Colliders 2 the detailed information of Higgs self-coupling and the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking. FCC-ee [25, are the two stages of Future Circular Collider (FCC) [28]. FCC has a center-of-mass energy of 100 TeV with proton-proton collisions finally. The key parameters of CEPC, FCC-hh, FCC-ee, HE-LHC, HL-LHC, and LHC are shown in Table 1.Beam-related instabilities and electron cloud are the critical aspects for vacuum system of the high-energy, high-intensity, and high-luminosity accelerators, which could affect the machine performance and operation [33].

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Sources of Gas in an Accelerator Vacuum Chamber

Malyshev

Kamiya

2019

Vacuum in Particle Accelerators

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Carbon coatings with low secondary electron yield

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Cryogenic surface resistance of copper: Investigation of the impact of surface treatments for secondary electron yield reduction

Cryogenic surface resistance of copper: Investigation of the impact of surface treatments for secondary electron yield reduction

Some Key Issues of Vacuum System Design in Accelerators and Colliders

Sources of Gas in an Accelerator Vacuum Chamber

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