Carbon composite–PVC based membrane coated platinum electrode for chromium determination

Colloidal gold nanoparticle probe-based immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of chromium ions in water and serum samples

“…In addition to adduct formation, exposure to Cr can cause various point mutations in DNA, chromosomal damage, and oxidative changes in proteins[3, 4]. The health effects of different forms of Cr are different because each form has different toxicity.…”

“…A number of methods have been reported for the detection of metal ion, such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and dried-droplet laser ablation ICP-MS[6], carbon composite-PVC based membrane coated platinum electrode[4], amperometric enzyme-based sensor[7], flame atomic absorption spectrometry[8], fluorine-doped graphite pencil electrode[9] and nano-Au/TiO2 photocatalysis reduction device[10]. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity that can be achieved by these methods, they require professional staff and expensive equipment that are difficult to use on-site.…”

Preparation and analytical application of new Cr3+-selective membrane electrodes based on acylhydrazone-containing benzimidazole derivatives

“…and the list is continuously growing. Various types of electroactive materials have been used for the development of Cr 3+ selective sensors which include 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene [13], 1-(2-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-2-phenyl hydrazine [14], 1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-4-methyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one [15], 4-amino-3-hydrazino-6-methyl-1,2,4triazin-5-one [16], methyl violet [17], N-(1-thien-2-ylethylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine [18], 5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide [19], tributylphosphate [20], N-(acetoacetanilide)-1,2-diaminoethane and N,N′-bis(acetoacetanilide)-triethylenetetraammine, glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) [21], glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) [22], oxalic acid bis(cyclohexylidene hydrazide) [23], tri-o-thymotide [1] and Aurin TCA [3], p-(4-acetanilidazo)calix [4] arene [24], and triazole derivative [25]. Some of these sensors suffer with high detection limit, low working concentration, low pH range, and low selectivity.…”

All Solid State Chromium(III) Selective Potentiometric Sensor Based on 2‐(1‐(2‐((3‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrozol‐1‐yl)methyl)benzyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)phenol

“…Literature survey reveals that some chromium selective sensors have already been reported by reserachers which take advantage of different types of electroactive materials e.g. 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene 7, 1‐(2‐(1 H ‐imidazole‐1‐yl)‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)‐2‐phenyl hydrazine 8, 1‐[(2‐hydroxy ethyl) amino]‐4‐methyl‐9 H ‐thioxanthen‐9‐one 9, 4‐amino‐3‐hydrazino‐6‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐one 10, 2‐acetylpyridine 11, N ‐(1‐thien‐2‐ylethylidene)benzene‐1,2‐diamine 12, 5‐amino‐1‐phenyl‐1 H ‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide 13, tributylphosphate 14, N ‐(acetoacetanilide)‐1,2‐diaminoethane and N , N ′‐bis(acetoacetanilide)‐triethylenetetraammine 15, glyoxal bis(2‐hydroxyanil) 16, oxalic acid bis(cyclohexylidine hydrazine) 17, tri‐ o ‐thymotide 18 and Aurin TCA 19, and p ‐(4‐acetanilidazo)calix[4]arene 20. These compounds are supramolecular receptors which make complexes with specific metal ions and exhibit conformational flexibility and high mobility 21.…”