Carbon cycling and balance in a traditional cardamom based agroforestry system of Sikkim Himalayas

Lepcha, Nima Tshering; Devi, N. Bijayalaxmi

doi:10.1007/s42965-020-00110-9

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In contrast to maximum biomass and carbon stock by Alnus nepalensis at Sikkim Himalayan systems, Schima wallichii, Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressus cashmeriana reported the maximum biomass and carbon at low-, middle-and high-altitude classes respectively. However, similar to the Sikkim systems, the highest biomass and carbon accumulation in this study was also found to correspond with the highest tree density and DBH or basal area (Lepcha and Devi, 2020). The tree biomass and carbon storage estimated for different species in the present study were found inconsistent with the DBH of the trees but largely consistent with the tree density, similar to the studies reported for large cardamom systems of Sikkim Himalayas (Lepcha and Devi, 2020), and tea agroforestry system of Assam (Kalita et al, 2016) while, contrasted to Dipterocarpus forest of Manipur (Devi and Yadava, 2016).…”

Section: Ivi and Total Biomass Of Dominant Speciessupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Total tree biomass and carbon storage in this study was found much higher than that quanti ed for Sikkim Himalayan systems (Lepcha and Devi, 2020)…”

Section: Tree Biomass and Carbon Stockcontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…In this context, the biomass and carbon storage potential of large cardamom-based agroforestry systems need to be evaluated. The biomass storage and carbon dynamics in these tree-based systems found in the Sikkim Himalayan regions are already reported by Singh et al (2018) and Lepcha and Devi (2020). However, the potentiality of these systems found in the Darjeeling Himalayas is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock across an Altitudinal Gradient under Large Cardamom Agroforestry System of Darjeeling Himalaya

Vineeta

Sarkar

Tamang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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It has been reported that the large cardamom-based traditional agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal, India represents a sustainable land use system with a high potential to store and sequester biomass carbon. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in biomass stock and carbon accumulation of this indigenous system along an altitudinal gradient. The study area was classified into three altitude classes as low (700–1200 m asl), mid (1200–1700 m asl) and high (> 1700 m asl). The biomass and carbon storage for low-, mid- and high-altitude classes was estimated at 630.17 and 296.18 Mg ha− 1, 397.05 and 186.61 Mg ha− 1 and 315.78 and 148.42 Mg ha− 1, respectively. Schima wallichi, Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressus cashmeriana were the most dominant species in the low-, mid-, and high altitudinal classes, respectively. The IVI and total biomass of the five dominant species in low-, mid- and high altitudes ranged from 17.34–26.04, 18.15–37.56, 27.13–42.43 and 9.05-133.75 Mgha− 1, 1.38–37.43 Mgha− 1 and 19.0-72.1 Mgha− 1 respectively. Schima wallichi occurred in all the altitudinal classes among the top five dominant species. Across all the altitudinal gradients, the average ecosystem carbon storage was estimated at 295.02 Mg ha− 1. The contribution of SOC to the ecosystem carbon stock increased with the increasing altitude. In contrast, the contribution of biomass carbon to the ecosystem carbon stock decreased with the increase in altitude. The ecosystem carbon stock estimated for the low-altitude class was 36.43% and 45.30% higher than the mid- and high-altitude agroforestry systems. The large cardamom-based agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalayas are thus a prospective carbon sink, both in vegetation and soil due to higher tree densities and natural resource conservation-based traditional farming practices.

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Section: Ivi and Total Biomass Of Dominant Speciessupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Total tree biomass and carbon storage in this study was found much higher than that quanti ed for Sikkim Himalayan systems (Lepcha and Devi, 2020)…”

Section: Tree Biomass and Carbon Stockcontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock across an Altitudinal Gradient under Large Cardamom Agroforestry System of Darjeeling Himalaya

Vineeta

Sarkar

Tamang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…There are diverse benefits growing Black Cardamom as an agroforestry crop such as slope management, soil and water management, high carbon sequestration and increase soil fertility. The crop helps in sustainable utilization of forest resources [42]. It fulfills both economic and conservation demand of people and policy makers.…”

Section: Agroforestry and Choice Of Tree Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of Black Cardamom and Climate Economic Management Challenges in Mountainous Regions of Bhutan

Koirala¹,

Suberi²,

Sherub³

et al. 2022

APRJ

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Black Cardamom are commonly grown crop in eastern Himalayan countries and in Bhutan, the cultivation of Black Cardamom are specially done in south western districts whereby the people immensely depend on the crop for their livelihood income. Further, the crop significantly contributes in gross domestic product growth as it falls under the top ten highly exported commodity of the country. The high value obtained from Black Cardamom has encouraged farmers to expand the cultivation in different land use types. When the farmers are gaining income, the challenges in management of cultivated Black Cardamom are also increasing. In the recent times, vital change in climate activity have been recorded. The erratic temperature and rainfall are declining the yield of Black Cardamom. The increasing number of pest and diseases outbreak in cultivated land are creating concern and challenge on the farmers depending on Black Cardamom for living. The farmers are in dismay with no proper management skills and techniques taught to them. Relying on traditional methods for improving the productivity has failed to be a good strategy with changing time and climate being erratic. The climate resilient management activity need to be initiated and enormous studies are in need to prevent the future catastrophe on Black Cardamom and the cultivator’s livelihood.

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“…The importance of tree-based systems in climate change mitigation and adaptation is already brought to the forefront of various discussions and international forums (Zomer et al, 2022). The biomass storage in this tree-based system in the Sikkim Himalayan regions have been reported by Singh et al (2018) and Lepcha and Devi (2020). However, the biomass carbon storage of this system along an altitudinal gradient in the Darjeeling Himalayas has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock with Altitude under the Large Cardamom-based Traditional Agroforestry System of Darjeeling

..,

Sarkar,

Tamang

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been reported that the large cardamom-based traditional agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal, India represents a sustainable land use system with a high potential to store and sequester biomass carbon. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in tree biomass stock and carbon accumulation of this indigenous system with altitude. The study area was classified into three altitude-classes as low (700–1200 m asl), mid (1200–1700 m asl) and high (> 1700 m asl). The tree biomass and carbon storage for low-, mid- and high-altitude classes was estimated at 630.17 and 296.18 Mg ha− 1, 397.05 and 186.61 Mg ha− 1 and 315.78 and 148.42 Mg ha− 1, respectively. Schima wallichi, Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressus cashmeriana were the most ecologically important tree species based on IVI (important value index) in the low-, mid-, and high-altitude classes, respectively. The IVI and total biomass of the five most ecologically important tree species in low-, mid- and high-altitude ranged from 17.34–26.04, 18.15–37.56, 27.13–42.43 and 9.05-133.75 Mg ha− 1, 1.38–37.43 Mg ha− 1 and 19.0-72.1 Mg ha− 1, respectively. Schima wallichi occurred in all the altitude-classes among the five most ecologically important tree species. In the study area, the average ecosystem carbon storage was estimated at 295.02 Mg ha− 1. The contribution of soil organic carbon to the ecosystem carbon stock increased with the increasing altitude. In contrast, the contribution of biomass carbon to the ecosystem carbon stock decreased with the increase in altitude. The ecosystem carbon stock estimated for the low-altitude class was 36.43% and 45.30% higher than the mid- and high-altitude agroforestry systems. The large cardamom-based agroforestry systems in the Darjeeling Himalayas are thus a prospective carbon sink, both in vegetation and soil due to higher tree densities and natural resource conservation-based traditional farming practices.

show abstract

Carbon cycling and balance in a traditional cardamom based agroforestry system of Sikkim Himalayas

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock across an Altitudinal Gradient under Large Cardamom Agroforestry System of Darjeeling Himalaya

Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock across an Altitudinal Gradient under Large Cardamom Agroforestry System of Darjeeling Himalaya

Cultivation of Black Cardamom and Climate Economic Management Challenges in Mountainous Regions of Bhutan

Variation in Tree Density, Biomass and Carbon Stock with Altitude under the Large Cardamom-based Traditional Agroforestry System of Darjeeling

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