Carbon Dioxide and Water Demand: Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (Cam), a Versatile Ecological Adaptation Exemplifying the Need for Integration in Ecophysiological Work

Lüttge, Ulrich

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00163.x

Cited by 179 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 185 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…In specialized cells, such as the lemon fruit juice sac, pH v values are as low as 2.2, whereas in epicotyl cells of lemon, the pH of vacuoles is ~5.5 (Muller et al, 1996). The pH v in cells undergoing crassulacean acid metabolism can range from as low as 3.5 at night when organic acids are accumulated to pH 6 during the day when organic acids are metabolized (Liittge, 1987). In barley aleurone, pH depends on the physiological state of the cell ( Figures 3 and 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellic Acid Induces Vacuolar Acidification in Barley Aleurone.

Swanson

Jones

1996

Plant Cell

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The roles of gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the regulation of vacuolar pH (pH,) in aleurone cells of barley were investigated using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). BCECF accumulated in vacuoles of aleurone cells, but sequestration of the dye did not affect its sensitivity to pH. BCECFloaded aleurone cells retained their ability to respond to both GA3 and ABA. The pH, of freshly isolated aleurone cells is 6.6, but after incubation in GA3, the pH, fel1 to 5.8. The pH, of cells not incubated in hormones or in the presence of ABA showed little orno acidification. The aleurone tonoplast contains both vacuolar ATPase and vacuolar pyrophosphatase, but the levels of pump proteins were not affected by incubation in the presence or absence of hormones. We conclude that GA3 affects the pH, in aleurone cells by altering the activities of tonoplast H+ pumps but not the amounts of pump proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellic Acid Induces Vacuolar Acidification in Barley Aleurone.

Swanson

Jones

1996

Plant Cell

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“…Although the four CAM phase definitions appear adequate to describe all observed acid metabolism phenomena (Lüttge 1987), additional terminologies have been suggested to describe CAM in some astomatal aquatic species and in the astomatal green aerial roots of epiphytic orchids (Cockburn 1985). Furthermore, environmental conditions can modulate the extent to which each phase is manifested (see also next section) (Cushman 2001;Cushman and Borland 2002).…”

Section: Permutations Of Cammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous past studies have estimated the phylogenetic distribution of CAM (Moore 1982;Winter 1985;Lüttge 1987;Griffiths 1988;Ehleringer and Monson 1993). CAM is widespread within the plant kingdom across at least 343 genera in 35 plant families comprising~6% of flowering plant species (Table 2; JAC Smith, unpubl.…”

Section: Taxonomic Distribution Of Cammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiological and biochemical temporal sequence of events that constitute CAM have been described in detail as being separable into four discrete phases (Osmond 1978;Winter 1985;Lüttge 1987;Griffiths 1988). Phase I is typically characterised by nocturnal stomatal opening, CO 2 uptake and fixation by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the cytosol and the formation of C 4 organic acids (usually malic acid), which are stored in the vacuole (Fig.…”

Section: Phases Of Cammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…leaves and stems), although the extent of gas exchange and nocturnal acidification might be modulated by prevailing environmental conditions (Griffiths 1988 (Winter 1985;Griffiths 1988;Winter et al 2008). The expression of CAM in such C 3 -CAM species varies dynamically with experimentally manipulated conditions, such as photoperiod (Brulfert and Queiroz 1982), water status, light, temperature, nutritional status, salinity, anoxia, or atmospheric CO 2 concentration (Winter 1985;Lüttge 1987;Griffiths 1988;Roberts et al 1997). The common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., a member of the Aizoaceae, is a well studied example of inducible CAM under strict environmental control (Winter 1985;Winter and Holtum 2007;Cushman et al 2008aCushman et al , 2008b.…”

Section: Cam Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum

Silvera

Neubig

Whitten

et al. 2010

Functional Plant Biol.

197

199

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Abstract. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialised mode of photosynthesis that improves atmospheric CO 2 assimilation in water-limited terrestrial and epiphytic habitats and in CO 2 -limited aquatic environments. In contrast with C 3 and C 4 plants, CAM plants take up CO 2 from the atmosphere partially or predominantly at night. CAM is taxonomically widespread among vascular plants and is present in many succulent species that occupy semiarid regions, as well as in tropical epiphytes and in some aquatic macrophytes. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway has evolved multiple times and is found in close to 6% of vascular plant species from at least 35 families. Although many aspects of CAM molecular biology, biochemistry and ecophysiology are well understood, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of CAM. This review focuses on five main topics: (1) the permutations and plasticity of CAM, (2) the requirements for CAM evolution, (3) the drivers of CAM evolution, (4) the prevalence and taxonomic distribution of CAM among vascular plants with emphasis on the Orchidaceae and (5) the molecular underpinnings of CAM evolution including circadian clock regulation of gene expression.

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Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Lüttge

2008

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a carbon dioxide acquisition, carbon dioxide transient storage and carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism of plants based on organic acid synthesis. In this variant of photosynthesis carbon dioxide can be fixed nocturnally in the dark and is used during the day for assimilation in the light. This has arisen polyphyletically many times during evolution. It is an ecophysiological adaptation that allows carbon dioxide acquisition with exceptionally economic use of water. It is regulated in a natural night/day rhythm but can also oscillate freely under the control of circadian biological clocks. Key concepts Metabolic mechanisms concentrating carbon dioxide internally in plants are important for photosynthesis at the low external carbon dioxide concentration in the present atmosphere. Rearranged internal management of available metabolic housekeeping functions can generate new metabolic options of adaptive value. Generation of isoforms of housekeeping enzymes can facilitate polyphyletic evolution of new metabolic pathways. Circadian oscillations can be controlled by different biological clocks, which are feedback related to each other and present in many copies. Flexibility in the expression of metabolic pathway variants facilitates adaptation under variable stress situations. Stress adaptation in plants is for survival and mostly not for high productivity.

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Carbon Dioxide and Water Demand: Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (Cam), a Versatile Ecological Adaptation Exemplifying the Need for Integration in Ecophysiological Work

Cited by 179 publications

References 185 publications

Gibberellic Acid Induces Vacuolar Acidification in Barley Aleurone.

Gibberellic Acid Induces Vacuolar Acidification in Barley Aleurone.

Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

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