Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sensors for the Agri-food Industry—A Review

Neethirajan, Suresh; Jayas, Digvir S.; Sadistap, S.

doi:10.1007/s11947-008-0154-y

Cited by 282 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key parameter in many biological and biochemical process [1][2][3] and so it follows that the measurement of CO2 is important in many different fields [4][5][6][7], not least of which is the monitoring of dissolved CO2 in the hydrosphere, i.e. oceans, river, lakes and streams [1,[8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extruded colour-based plastic film for the measurement of dissolved CO2

Mills

Yusufu

2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Dissolved CO2 measurements are usually made using a Severinghaus electrode, which is bulky and can suffer from electrical interference. In contrast, optical sensors for gaseous CO2, whilst not suffering these problems, are mainly used for making gaseous (not dissolved) CO2 measurements, due to dye leaching and protonation, especially at high ionic strengths (> 0.01M) and acidity (< pH 4). This is usually prevented by coating the sensor with a gaspermeable, but ion-impermeable, membrane (GPM). Herein, we introduce a highly sensitive, colourimetric-based, plastic film sensor for the measurement of both gaseous and dissolved CO2, in which a pH-sensitive dye, thymol blue (TB) is coated onto particles of hydrophilic silica to create a CO2-sensitive, TB-based pigment, which is then extruded into low density polyethylene (LDPE) to create a GPM-free, i.e. naked, TB plastic sensor film for gaseous and dissolved CO2 measurements. When used for making dissolved CO2 measurements, the hydrophobic nature of the LDPE renders the film: (i) indifferent to ionic strength, (ii) highly resistant to acid attack and (iii) stable when stored under ambient (dark) conditions for > 8 months, with no loss of colour or function. Here, the performance of the TB plastic film is primarily assessed as a dissolved CO2 sensor in highly saline (3.5 wt%)water. The TB film is blue in the absence of CO2 and yellow in its presence, exhibiting 50% transition in its colour at ca. 0.18% CO2. This new type of CO2 sensor has great potential in the monitoring of CO2 levels in the hydrosphere, as well as elsewhere, e.g. food packaging and possibly patient monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extruded colour-based plastic film for the measurement of dissolved CO2

Mills

Yusufu

2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…is a mixture of many dispersed components, and therefore, is close to configuration in series (Neethirajan et al, 2009). …”

Section: Determination Of Thermal Properties Of the Materialsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Virtual Simulation of Temperature Distribution throughout Beef Packages with Time-temperature Indicator (TTI) Labels

Kim¹,

Min²,

Lee³

2013

Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources

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If the time-temperature indicator (TTI) experienced a different temperature than the accompanied packaged food, influenced by heat transfer between the TTI, package, and ambient air, TTI would incorrectly predict the food quality changes with temperature. Temperature distributions of a finite slab with different sizes, representing beef packaged with TTI, were estimated by the finite element method (FEM). The thermal properties of the beef and TTI, such as heat capacity, density, and heat conductivity, were estimated from the relevant equations using their chemical compositions. The FEM simulations were performed for three cases: different locations of TTIs on the beef, different thicknesses of beef, and non-isothermal conditions of ambient air. The TTIs were mounted in four different locations on the beef. There was little difference in temperature between four locations of the TTI on the package surface. As the thickness of the slab increased, the temperature of the TTI changed faster, followed by the corner surface, as well as middle and bottom parts, indicating the possible error for temperature agreement between the TTI and the slab. Consequently, it was found that any place on the package could be selected for TTI attachment, but the package size should carefully be determined within a tolerable error of temperature.

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“…It is ideally suited to the on field use and also free from stray-light interferences which is a common problem in the colorimetric technique [31]. Fluorimetry is a fundamentally sensitive, specific, handy, simple, and economical technique [32,33]. As a result, fluorometry has found an extensive range of applications in the study and detection of pollutants, sensing of gas and biomolecules as well as a host of other analyte making use of fluorescent materials as tracers.…”

Section: Methodology Fluorimetric Gas Sensing Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6 shows the particles size of indigo nanoparticle, giving a mean size distribution of 107 nm [37]. Some other example of DLS characterization includes the determination of perylene nanoparticles size, protein size, latex size, and colloid size [32][33][34][35][36]. In general, the DLS technique is best suited for submicron particles.…”

Section: Description Of Sensor Particle Size Distribution and Morpholmentioning

confidence: 99%