Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Nanomaterials: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

Abstract

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is one of the biggest global threats that we are confronted with in the 21st century. A lack of prompt action to mitigate the atmospheric CO2 level could lead to global catastrophic events. As a result of the significance of the aforementioned threat, multiple nations have agreed to enact carbon capture, storage, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) technologies at academic and industrial scales with the aim of lowering the atmospheric CO2 level. Although there are many reviews on CCUS technologies, there is a lack of comprehensive review on CO2 conversion to more economically valuable products, such as nanomaterials. Carbon dioxide capture and conversion into nanomaterials is an interesting research topic in many ways because it contributes to our fundamental knowledge of material conversion, provides alternative ways to reduce atmospheric pollution, and yields lucrative products, which has not been explored broadly. Aside from the positive outcomes, we have a moral obligation to rectify a global threat caused by anthropogenic emission. Herein, we present current methods of converting CO2 into organic and inorganic nanomaterials with a focus on operating conditions and challenges as well as the potential of nanomaterials in specifically biomedical applications as opposed to extensively reviewed energy-related uses. Moreover, our review emphasizes the toxicity issues related to using such nanomaterials in biological settings based on literature and other comparable studies.

Removal of carbon dioxide using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: Adsorption and conversion via catalysis

“…The conversion of CO 2 into hydrocarbons via hydrogenation is a promising method of making waste into valueadded materials. [10,[264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273] This reaction can solve the environmental and energy issues caused due to CO 2 emissions. Hydrogenation of CO 2 can be used to synthesize valuable compounds: (1) hydrocarbons, such as methane (CH 4 , the reaction can be called methanation), [270,274] olefins, and gasoline, or (2) other compounds, such as formic acid (HCOOH), alcohol (e.g., methanol), and carbon monoxide (CO).…”

“…Hydrogenation of CO 2 can be used to synthesize valuable compounds: (1) hydrocarbons, such as methane (CH 4 , the reaction can be called methanation), [270,274] olefins, and gasoline, or (2) other compounds, such as formic acid (HCOOH), alcohol (e.g., methanol), and carbon monoxide (CO). [10,[264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273] Hydrogenation can be promoted via electrochemical, [275] thermo-catalysis, [276] and photo/thermal [277] methods. ZIF materials are promising catalysts in terms of efficiency and selectivity among several catalysts.…”

A Review on Removal of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) using Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Adsorption and Conversion via Catalysis

“…The conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbons via hydrogenation is a promising method of making waste into value-added materials [10,[261][262][263][264][265][266][267][268][269][270] . This reaction can solve the environmental and energy issues caused due to CO2 emissions.…”

“…This reaction can solve the environmental and energy issues caused due to CO2 emissions. Hydrogenation of CO2 can be used to synthesize valuable compounds; 1) hydrocarbons, such as methane (CH4, the reaction can be called methanation) [267,271] , olefins, and gasoline, or 2) other compounds, such as formic acid (HCOOH), alcohol (e.g., methanol), and carbon monoxide (CO) [10,[261][262][263][264][265][266][267][268][269][270] . Hydrogenation can be promoted via electrochemical [272] , thermo-catalysis [273] , and photo/thermal [274] methods.…”

Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Carboxylation Reactions

“…In fact, it allows converting an important waste (it is well known that carbon dioxide is produced in enormous amounts from the combustion of fossil fuels for the production of energy) into a variety of useful compounds, which can find application as fuels or in the pharmaceutical or material fields. Accordingly, many efforts have been devoted by the scientific community to develop novel efficient and sustainable carboxylation methods, in particular under catalytic conditions, during the last years [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”