Carbon dioxide emission while heating in selected European countries

Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk

Krawczyk

2019

Sustainability

The increasing global temperature has induced many states to limit carbon dioxide emissions. The European Union (EU) promotes replacing boilers with heat pumps. However, in countries where electricity is mainly supplied through fossil fuel combustion, condensing gas boilers may prove to be more ecological heat generators. Although this problem was investigated in a particular situation, an algorithm can be applied elsewhere. The running expenditures for the following different heat generators that are available in a location were estimated: water heat pump, brine heat pump, air heat pump, condensing gas boiler, condensing oil boiler, district heat network, and electrical grid. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions from local and distant sources were evaluated. The computations were based on hourly averaged external temperature measurements, which were performed by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) in a weather station in Białystok (Poland) for a ten-year period. Compared with a condensing gas boiler system, the air-to-water heat pump has higher operating costs and higher CO 2 emissions. The brine heat pump (closed-loop ground-source heat pump) has lower operating costs, but higher CO 2 emissions than the gas boiler system. The water heat pump (groundwater source heat pump) has the lowest operating costs and CO 2 emissions of all the systems studied in this paper.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon Dioxide Emissions during Air, Ground, or Groundwater Heat Pump Performance in Białystok

Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk

Krawczyk

2019

Sustainability

“…Generally, there are two low-temperature sources in the case of heat pumps: the Sun and the Earth's inner core. Air-to-water heat pumps fail EU requirements [1] in Polish energy market conditions [2,3], due to too-low temperature values during the heating season. Since the temperature below the shallow zone is stable and at a sufficiently high level [4], the Earth's inner core has higher energetic potential in a given location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Ground Heat Pump for a Detached House

Sewastianik

Innovations-Sustainability-Modernity-Openness Conference (ISMO’19)

2019

Self Cite

Inasmuch as the European Union promotes only energetically viable heat pumps in a given location, the aim of the work is an assessment of whether a ground-to-water heat pump (ground source heat pump: GSHP) can be considered as an ecological heat generator in Polish climatic conditions and those of the energy market. Here, as an estimator, the net seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOPnet) was selected. Estimation was done using 10-year temperature measurements. It was found that in heating mode SCOPnet value equaled 4.83, satisfying European Commission guidelines. According to the guidelines, the minimal SCOPnet value in Polish energy market conditions should exceed 3.5. CO2 emissions from the GSHP represented two-thirds of CO2 emissions of an air-to-water heat pump (air source heat pump: ASHP) in the same building. The ground heat pump thus meets the ecological heat generator conditions set by the European Commission.

“…Taking into account product of the efficiencies of both power generation and electrical grid in Poland heat pump must achieve COP = 3.5 at least (cf. Rubik [9], European Commission [10], and paper [11]). In all the investigated cases the requirement is fulfilled.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal coefficient of performance for ground source heat pump and groundwater one in Białystok

2017

E3S Web Conf.

Self Cite

Abstract. European Economic Area (EEA) states declare to contain greenhouse gases emissions at 20% by 2020, whereas European Union (EU) does 40% before 2030, which result in encouragement to apply low-carbon technologies. Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOPnet) are obtained using temperature measurement done by The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management -National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) at the weather station in Bialystok for ten-year period. The first variant is ground source heat pump (GSHP) and the second one is groundwater source heat pump (WSHP) which can be equipped with separating heat exchanger (SHE) optionally. In both cases heat is generated for heating system only. Ground temperature is determined from Baggs (1983) formula using Oleśkowicz-Popiel et. al. (2002) adaptation to Polish climate and substituting the local constants achieved by Biernacka (2010). Water temperature in a groundwater basin is obtained from Kowalski (2007) equation. Estimation is done in each hour of heating season. All COP values are higher than 3.5 required by EU (2013). SCOPnet are as follows: 6.12, 5.86, 5.03 for WSHP, WSHP+SHE, GSHP respectively. Insomuch as WSHP needs only two boreholes it is recommended to the areas beneath ones a groundwater basin is located.