Carbon dioxide enrichment reduces shoot growth in sweet chestnut seedlings (<i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill.)<sup>*</sup>

Mousseau, M.; Enoch, H. Z.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1989.tb01972.x

Cited by 90 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Rochefort & Bazzaz, 1992). Conroy (1992) concluded from this that there is actually a reduced demand for nitrogen in plants growing in elevated COj, or, as other authors have termed it, ' nitrogen use efficiency' is increased (Norby et al, 19866;Mousseau & Enoch, 1989;Wong et al, 1992). However, the usefulness of this concept has been questioned because the measurements have not taken into account ontogenetic changes in plant nitrogen concentrations (Coleman, McConnaughay & Bazzaz, 1993;Agren, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO₂, water and nutrients onPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr seedlings

Townend

1995

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYSitka spruce {Picea sitchensis (Botig.) Carr.) seedlings were grown from seed for one year in naturally lit growth chambers with either ambient or ambient + 250 ppm concentrations of COj. In the following year the plants were grown in the same CO.^ treatments for the whole growing season at two concentrations of nutrients and were either well-watered or subjected to a long-term, gradually increasing drought.Elevated COg increased significantly growth in all treatments except the well-watered, unfertilized treatment. The relative increases in end-of-year biomass in the elevated COj treatment con-ipared with the ambient treatment were; well-watered, fertilized-I-52 %, well-watered, unfertilized-I-19 %, droughted, fertilized-|-44 %, and droughted, unfertilized 4-49 %.Growth analysis revealed that treatment effects on both unit leaf rates and leaf area duration were iinportant in determining the final masses of the plants. Plants growing in elevated CO.^ had increased relative growth rates in the first half of the growing season but only slightly increased or even slightly decreased relative growth rates in the later part of the growing season in all water x nutrient treatments.Overall there was a significant COj x water x nutrient interaction on end-of-year biomass. A combination of small nutrient concentration and adequate water supply led to the smallest growth response to elevated COj.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO₂, water and nutrients onPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr seedlings

Townend

1995

New Phytologist

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“…The comparison of three types of plant community within the limestone grassland suggests that considerable differences exist between component species or subcommunities in their response to elevated COj. Some species have shown accelerated development and early senescence under high CO2 (Mousseau & Enoch, 1989;Woodin et aL, 1992). On the other hand, for perennial plants growing in a non-limiting volume of natural soil, elevated CO2 might reduce the rate of senescence and prolong the growing season (Curtis et aL, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy gas exchange and growth of upland pasture swards in elevated CO₂

Wolfenden

Diggle

1995

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYVegetation monoliths (450 x 450 mm) from two contrasting upland grassland communities were grown in Solardomes in either ambient ait or ambient air enriched with 250 ppm CO.^. During the first two growing seasons measurements of canopy gas exchange showed that rates of photosynthesis of limestone swards were enhanced by growth in elevated CO^, by approx. 50",, during spring and early sumn-ier. Although canopy respiration vv^as also greater in elevated CO.^, the overall effect was an average increase of 33 "" in net CO.^ assimilation. Enhanced respiration rates persisted into the autumn, whereas the effect on photosynthesis diminished through the growing season, so that in September swards growing in high COj had net photosynthesis rates similar to, or even lower than those in ambient air. This response varied between swards of differing species composition. In acidic grassland no significant effects of CO.^ on respitation or net CO.^ uptake rates were detected at any time.The above ground productivity of limestone grassland was measured in several harvests throughout both seasons, and was not affected by COj concentration at any time. Similarly, the acidic grassland, harvested at the end of the second season, showed no significant effect of COj on above-ground biomass. The results suggest that increasing atmospheric CO^ concentration is unlikely to cause large changes in net primary productivity in these grasslands.

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“…Bud break is either delayed (Murray et al, 1994;Repo et al, 1996) or advanced (Repo et al, 1996) under elevated atmospheric CO 2 . Similarly, the date of bud set in the autumn can either be advanced (Mousseau and Enoch, 1989;Murray et al, 1994) or delayed (Karnosky et al, in press). Both timing of bud break and bud set are important in determining frost and winter hardiness of northern trees species (Repo et al, 1996;Lutze et al, 1998;Wayne et al, 1998).…”

Section: Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

Karnosky

2003

Environment International

108

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Atmospheric CO 2 is rising rapidly, and options for slowing the CO 2 rise are politically charged as they largely require reductions in industrial CO 2 emissions for most developed countries. As forests cover some 43% of the Earth's surface, account for some 70% of terrestrial net primary production (NPP), and are being bartered for carbon mitigation, it is critically important that we continue to reduce the uncertainties about the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forest tree growth, productivity, and forest ecosystem function. In this paper, I review knowledge gaps and research needs on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forest above-and below-ground growth and productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, water relations, wood quality, phenology, community dynamics and biodiversity, antioxidants and stress tolerance, interactions with air pollutants, heterotrophic interactions, and ecosystem functioning. Finally, I discuss research needs regarding modeling of the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on forests.Even though there has been a tremendous amount of research done with elevated CO 2 and forest trees, it remains difficult to predict future forest growth and productivity under elevated atmospheric CO 2 . Likewise, it is not easy to predict how forest ecosystem processes will respond to enriched CO 2 . The more we study the impacts of increasing CO 2 , the more we realize that tree and forest responses are yet largely uncertain due to differences in responsiveness by species, genotype, and functional group, and the complex interactions of elevated atmospheric CO 2 with soil fertility, drought, pests, and co-occurring atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen deposition and O 3 . Furthermore, it is impossible to predict ecosystem-level responses based on short-term studies of young trees grown without interacting stresses and in small spaces without the element of competition. Long-term studies using free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) technologies or forest stands around natural CO 2 vents are needed to increase the knowledge base on forest ecosystem responses to elevated atmospheric CO 2 . In addition, new experimental protocols need to continue to be developed that will allow for mature trees to be examined in natural ecosystems. These studies should be closely linked to modeling efforts so that the inference capacity from these expensive and long-term studies can be maximized. D

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Carbon dioxide enrichment reduces shoot growth in sweet chestnut seedlings (Castanea sativa Mill.)^*

Cited by 90 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of elevated CO₂, water and nutrients onPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr seedlings

Effects of elevated CO₂, water and nutrients onPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr seedlings

Canopy gas exchange and growth of upland pasture swards in elevated CO₂

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

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Carbon dioxide enrichment reduces shoot growth in sweet chestnut seedlings (Castanea sativa Mill.)*

Cited by 90 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of elevated CO2, water and nutrients onPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr seedlings

Effects of elevated CO2, water and nutrients onPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr seedlings

Canopy gas exchange and growth of upland pasture swards in elevated CO2

Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on forest trees and forest ecosystems: knowledge gaps

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Carbon dioxide enrichment reduces shoot growth in sweet chestnut seedlings (Castanea sativa Mill.)^*

Effects of elevated CO₂, water and nutrients onPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr seedlings

Effects of elevated CO₂, water and nutrients onPicea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr seedlings

Canopy gas exchange and growth of upland pasture swards in elevated CO₂