Carbon dioxide exchange of a perennial bioenergy crop cultivation on a mineral soil

Lind, Saara E.; Shurpali, Narasinha J.; Peltola, Olli; Mammarella, Ivan; Hyvönen, Niina; Maljanen, Marja; Räty, Mari; Virkajärvi, Perttu; Martikainen, Pertti J.

doi:10.5194/bg-13-1255-2016

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In 2011 at the beginning of the growing season (23 May, day 143), the crop was fertilized with an NPKS fertilizer containing 76 kg N ha −1 (NO 3 -N : NH 4 -N = 47 : 53). The crop from the previous season was kept at the site over the winter (Burvall, 1997) and was harvested on 28 April (day 118; Lind et al, 2016). The spring and early summer (days 118-160) was characterized by fast-growing crop with the crop height increasing from about 10 cm in mid-May to 1.7 m in late June (day 180), reaching the maximum height of 1.9 m in early July.…”

Section: Measurement Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EC measurements were sampled at 10 Hz frequency. Further details on the EC set-up, instrument specifications and data acquisition, can be found in Rannik et al (2015) and Lind et al (2016).…”

Section: Co Flux Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Green area index (GAI) was estimated on a weekly basis from plots adjacent to the LAI measurements according to Wilson et al (2007) and Lind et al (2016). The GAI measurements were conducted from three locations (1 × 1 m 2 ) and within each from three spots (8 × 8 cm 2 ) by counting a number of green stems (S n ) and green leaves (L n ) per unit area and measuring the green area of leaves (L a ) and stems (S a ).…”

Section: Supporting Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and diurnal variation in CO fluxes from an agricultural bioenergy crop

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important reactive trace gas in the atmosphere, while its sources and sinks in the biosphere are poorly understood. Soils are generally considered as a sink of CO due to microbial oxidation processes, while emissions of CO have been reported from a wide range of soil-plant systems. We measured CO fluxes using the micrometeorological eddy covariance method from a bioenergy crop (reed canary grass) in eastern Finland from April to November 2011. Continuous flux measurements allowed us to assess the seasonal and diurnal variability and to compare the CO fluxes to simultaneously measured net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 , N 2 O and heat fluxes as well as to relevant meteorological, soil and plant variables in order to investigate factors driving the CO exchange.The reed canary grass (RCG) crop was a net source of CO from mid-April to mid-June and a net sink throughout the rest of the measurement period from mid-June to November 2011, excluding a measurement break in July. CO fluxes had a distinct diurnal pattern with a net CO uptake in the night and a net CO emission during the daytime with a maximum emission at noon. This pattern was most pronounced in spring and early summer. During this period the most significant relationships were found between CO fluxes and global radiation, net radiation, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, relative humidity, N 2 O flux and net ecosystem exchange. The strong positive correlation between CO fluxes and radiation suggests abiotic CO production processes, whereas the relationship between CO fluxes and net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 , and night-time CO fluxes and N 2 O emissions indicate biotic CO formation and microbial CO uptake respectively. The study shows a clear need for detailed process studies accompanied by continuous flux measurements of CO exchange to improve the understanding of the processes associated with CO exchange.

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Section: Measurement Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co Flux Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supporting Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and diurnal variation in CO fluxes from an agricultural bioenergy crop

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“…Net C fluxes in 2011 compare favourably with long‐term fluxes from previous studies (Table ), which range from close to C‐neutral for poplar and RCG in certain years to in excess of −450 g C m −2 y −1 for Miscanthus and switchgrass. Good agreement exists between our results and the studies on Miscanthus in the USA (−554 ± 20 g C m −2 y −1 , Zeri et al ., ) and RCG on mineral soil in Finland (−259 g C m −2 y −1 , Lind et al ., ), taking account of location and comparative differences in season length and environmental controls. Studies focussed on the LUC transition from permanent grassland to Miscanthus or RCG are severely lacking, however, despite the fact that almost one‐third of utilised agricultural land in Europe is grassland (Fischer et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of ecosystem C exchange in Miscanthusand reed canary grass during early establishment

2016

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Land-use change to bioenergy crop production can contribute towards addressing the dual challenges of greenhouse gas mitigation and energy security. Realisation of the mitigation potential of bioenergy crops is, however, dependent on suitable crop selection and full assessment of the carbon (C) emissions associated with land conversion. Using eddy covariance-based estimates, ecosystem C exchange was studied during the early-establishment phase of two perennial crops, C 3 reed canary grass (RCG) and C 4 Miscanthus, planted on former grassland in Ireland. Crop development was the main determinant of net carbon exchange in the Miscanthus crop, restricting significant net C uptake during the first 2 years of establishment. The Miscanthus ecosystem switched from being a net C source in the conversion year to a strong net C sink (À411 AE 63 g C m À2 ) in the third year, driven by significant above-ground growth and leaf expansion. For RCG, early establishment and rapid canopy development facilitated a net C sink in the first 2 years of growth (À319 AE 57 (post-planting) and À397 AE 114 g C m À2 , respectively). Peak seasonal C uptake occurred three months earlier in RCG (May) thanMiscanthus (August), however Miscanthus sustained net C uptake longer into the autumn and was close to Cneutral in winter. Leaf longevity is therefore a key advantage of C 4 Miscanthus in temperate climates. Further increases in productivity are projected as Miscanthus reaches maturity and are likely to further enhance the C sink potential of Miscanthus relative to RCG.

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“…Leaf area index (LAI) was measured at approximately weekly intervals during the main crop growth period using a plant canopy analyser (model: LAI-2000, LiCor). Green area index (GAI) was estimated on a weekly basis from plots adjacent to the LAI measurements according to Wilson et al (2007) and Lind et al (2016). The GAI measurements were conducted from three locations (1 × 1 m 2 ) and within each from three spots (8 × 8 cm 2 ) by counting a number of green stems (S n ) and green leaves (L n ) per unit area and measuring the green area of leaves (L a ) and stems (S a ).…”

Section: Supporting Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and diurnal variation in CO fluxes from an agricultural bioenergy crop

Pihlatie¹,

Rannik²,

Haapanala³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important reactive trace gas in the atmosphere, while its sources and sinks in the biosphere are only poorly understood. Emissions of CO have been reported from a wide range of soil-plant systems. However, soils are generally considered as a sink of CO due to microbial oxidation processes. We measured CO fluxes by micrometeorological eddy covariance method from a bioenergy crop (reed canary grass) in Eastern Finland over April to November 2011. Continuous flux measurements allowed us to assess the seasonal and diurnal variability, and to compare the CO fluxes to simultaneously measured CO2, N2O and heat fluxes as well as relevant meteorological, soil and plant variables in order to investigate factors driving the CO exchange. The reed canary grass crop was a net source of CO from mid-April to mid-June, and a net sink throughout the rest of the measurement period from July to November 2011. CO fluxes had a distinct diurnal pattern with a net CO uptake in the night and an emission during the daytime with a maximum emission at noon. This pattern was most pronounced during the spring and early summer, during which the most significant relationships were found between daytime CO fluxes and global radiation, net radiation, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, relative humidity and net ecosystem exchange. The strong positive correlation between CO fluxes and radiation suggests towards abiotic CO production processes, whereas, the relationship of CO fluxes with net ecosystem exchange indicates towards biotic CO formation during crop growth. The study shows a clear need for detailed process-studies accompanied with continuous flux measurements of CO exchange to improve the understanding of the processes associated with CO exchange.

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Carbon dioxide exchange of a perennial bioenergy crop cultivation on a mineral soil

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Seasonal and diurnal variation in CO fluxes from an agricultural bioenergy crop

Seasonal and diurnal variation in CO fluxes from an agricultural bioenergy crop

Comparative assessment of ecosystem C exchange in Miscanthusand reed canary grass during early establishment

Seasonal and diurnal variation in CO fluxes from an agricultural bioenergy crop

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