Carbon Dioxide Use in High-Pressure Extraction Processes

Abstract

This chapter describes the use of carbon dioxide at high pressures as an alternative for the extraction of bioactive compounds in a more sustainable way, addressing some of its physicochemical properties, such as pressure, temperature, density, solvation, selectivity, and its interaction with the solute when modified by other solvents such as ethanol and water. This extraction process is considered chemically "green," when compared to conventional extraction processes using toxic organic solvents.

Bioactive Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Cytoprotective Effects of Murici Pulp Extracts (Byrsonima crassifolia) Obtained by Supercritical Extraction in HepG2 Cells Treated with H2O2

“…This explains the fact that phenolic compounds from murici oils were not detected, containing results below the detection limit of the analysis (LOD = 1.22 × 10 −4 kg/m 3 ), which indicates that these compounds were concentrated in defatted beds. This behavior is quite consistent, since phenolic compounds are polar substances and supercritical CO 2 is a nonpolar solvent [ 55 ]. Therefore, defatted beds were used to extract these compounds.…”

Biocontrol of strawberry pathogen Botrytis cinerea using plant extracts and essential oils

“…Twenty-five kilograms of the plant material was placed in a high-pressure CO 2 extractor consisting of an extraction vessel, cooler, heater and liquid CO 2 collector. Extraction parameters were selected based on pressure-temperature diagram of CO 2 , lower than critical point (Cunha et al, 2018). Extraction parameters were: 40 bar pressure, 10°C temperature and 6 hour extraction time.…”

Assessment of Supercritical CO2 Extraction as a Method for Plastic Waste Decontamination

“…Additionally, it could be collected from industrial processes and reused in a cycle. The most essential thermodynamic effect of the CO 2 is the tunable solvation power close to and above the critical point [ 32 ]. The solvation power of CO 2 is strongly dependent on the applied pressure.…”

“…It also offers a small and linear molecular structure, which causes a faster diffusivity, resulting in an efficient mass transfer, in addition to the low viscosity that facilitates its penetration into the solid matrix during the extraction process. The density of the supercritical CO 2 is relatively high, which indicates that its solvation power is higher than many other SCFs [ 32 , 33 ]. Furthermore, using SC‒CO 2 will leave no solvent residues in the extract and thus will contaminate neither the extract nor the remaining extracted solid [ 32 ].…”

“…The density of the supercritical CO 2 is relatively high, which indicates that its solvation power is higher than many other SCFs [ 32 , 33 ]. Furthermore, using SC‒CO 2 will leave no solvent residues in the extract and thus will contaminate neither the extract nor the remaining extracted solid [ 32 ].…”