Carbon dispersed in glass fibers as an adsorbent for contaminant enrichment and fractionation

Smith, Lawrence M.

doi:10.1021/ac00236a052

Cited by 56 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Samples first were analyzed via packed-column gas chromatography (Picer and Ahel, 1978;Sawyer, 1978) to permit comparison of current residue levels with residue levels in 1980-1982 and 1989-1991. Samples then were subjected to high-resolution capillary gas chromatography (Mullin et al, 1984) which permits quantification of specific PCB congeners. Separation and quantification of coplanar PCBs was accomplished using porous carbon chromatography (Smith, 1981 ). Lead and mercury were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.…”

Section: Summary Of Fish Consumption Questionnaire Blood Sampling Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Assessment of an Aging Population of Great Lakes Fisheaters

et al. 1996

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Because of the decline in central nervous system function that occurs with age, older people may be at greater risk of neurological dysfunction following exposure to neurotoxic contaminants in the environment. This study was designed to assess the neuropsychological functioning of a group of 50-90-year-old fisheaters exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through Great Lakes fish consumption, and a group of age- and sex-matched nonfisheaters selected from the Michigan Department of Public Health's established cohort of fisheaters and nonfisheaters. A neuropsychological assessment battery, demographic interview, and fish consumption questionnaire were developed and piloted on similarly aged men and women in the Lansing and Detroit, Michigan, areas. The assessment battery included tests of motor function, memory and learning, executive functions, and visual-spatial functions, and took approximately two hours to administer. Most of the tests included in the battery have been shown to be sensitive to subtle, age-related declines in cognitive and motor function. The demographic questionnaire included questions on a number of important control variables that could influence the neuropsychological end points that were assessed in the study. These included demographic background, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, prescription and nonprescription drug use, medical history (including psychiatric illnesses), employment history, and activity level. The fish consumption questionnaire asked about historical and current consumption of specific fish species from each of the Great Lakes and its tributaries and was based on the fish consumption advisories published in the 1992 Michigan Fishing Guide. The questionnaire also asked about consumption of wild game, fish preparation and cooking methods, serving size, and changes in fish consumption patterns over time. After each subject completed the neuropsychological assessment, demographic interview, and fish consumption questionnaire, a blood sample was collected for analysis of PCBs, dichloro diphenyl dichloroethene (DDE), and ten other contaminants frequently detected in Great Lakes fish. Subject recruitment for the study began in July 1993 and was completed in November 1995. The data will be analyzed in two steps: first, to assess differences in confounding variables between fisheaters and nonfisheaters; and secondly, to determine the independent effects of Great Lakes fish consumption, as well as serum PCB and DDE levels, on cognitive and motor function after controlling for all identified covariates. Three indices of PCB exposure-total PCBs, total ortho-substituted PCBs and total coplanar PCBs-will be assessed. These studies should shed light on three questions: 1) Does consumption of contaminated fish from the Great Lakes exacerbate or accelerate the normal age-related decline in cognitive and motor function? 2) Do serum PCB or DDE concentrations predict the degree of behavioral dysfunction? and 3) If PCB exposure is related to behavioral outcomes, which class of PCB cong...

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Section: Summary Of Fish Consumption Questionnaire Blood Sampling Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Assessment of an Aging Population of Great Lakes Fisheaters

et al. 1996

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“…fractionation methods for PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In the course of applying environmental samples of fish and avian eggs to the PGC column [3,4,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. These activated carbons have large (and to a PX-21 column), we noticed recovery surface areas and a large number and variety of polar problems for mono-ortho PCBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading capacity and chromatographic behavior of a porous graphitic carbon column for polychlorinated biphenyls

Echols¹,

Gale²,

Feltz³

et al. 1998

Journal of Chromatography A

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A porous graphitic carbon column (Hypercarb) was used for the fractionation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into classes of 2-4 ortho chlorines, 1 ortho chlorine and 0 ortho chlorine congeners. A method was developed that combined the fractionation of PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in a variety of biotic environmental samples. Many of these samples have high concentrations of PCBs which cause fractionation problems as adsorption sites on the graphitic surface are occupied. The loading capacity of the column for PCBs was determined by injecting up to 1 mg of total PCBs and monitoring changes in chromatographic behavior of tetra-/ di-ortho, mono-ortho and non-ortho substituted PCBs. Effective loading capacities were 1 mg for tetra-/ di-ortho PCBs, but only 3-5 mg for non-ortho PCBs and about 2 mg for mono-ortho PCBs. Loading capacity of the PGC column for environmental fish and avian egg samples was determined to depend on the mono-ortho and non-ortho PCB levels found in these samples.

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“…One common method to fractionate PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs is activated carbon dispersed on a glass fiber or silica gel support [18][19][20][21][22][23], or more recently on C 18 packing [24]. This technique separates PCB congeners according to the degree of ortho-chlorine substitution from non-ortho through tetra-ortho [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activated carbons used in these separation methods are irregular particles with high surface areas and were not originally manufactured for chromatographic use. The fractionation methods employing high surface area-activated carbons such as PX-21 are time consuming [18,[20][21][22][23][24]. The strength of the PX-21 carbon system is its surface area, which gives it a large PCB loading capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automated HPLC method for the fractionation of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in fish tissue on a porous graphitic carbon column

Echols¹,

Gale²,

Tillitt³

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The Ah (aryl‐hydrocarbon) hydroxylase‐receptor active polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were fractionated by an automated high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system using the Hypercarb™ porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column. This commercially available column was used to fractionate the di‐, mono‐, and non‐ortho PCBs into three fractions for gas chromatography (GC)/electron capture detection analysis, and a fourth fraction containing the PCDDs/PCDFs for GC/mass spectrometry analysis. The recoveries of the PCBs ranged from 68 to 96%, and recoveries of the PCDDs/PCDFs ranged from 74 to 123%. The PGC column has the advantage of faster separations (110 min versus 446 min) and less solvent use (275 ml versus 1,100 ml) compared with automated fractionation of these compounds on activated carbon (PX‐21), while still affording good separation of the classes. The PGC column may have an advantage over the pyrenyl‐based HPLC method because it has a greater loading capacity (400 μg total PCBs versus 250 μg). Overall, the PGC is a standard column that provides reproducible fractionation of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs for analytical measurement in environmental samples.

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Carbon dispersed in glass fibers as an adsorbent for contaminant enrichment and fractionation

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

Neuropsychological Assessment of an Aging Population of Great Lakes Fisheaters

Neuropsychological Assessment of an Aging Population of Great Lakes Fisheaters

Loading capacity and chromatographic behavior of a porous graphitic carbon column for polychlorinated biphenyls

An automated HPLC method for the fractionation of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in fish tissue on a porous graphitic carbon column

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