Carbon dot composites for bioapplications: a review

Wu, Jiajia; Chen, Gonglin; Jia, Yinnong; Ji, Chunyu; Wang, Yuting; Zhou, Yiqun; Leblanc, Roger M.; Peng, Zhili

doi:10.1039/d1tb02446a

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 401 publications

(773 reference statements)

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“…Metal-doped and hybrid CDs with unique properties have illustrated promising biomedical potentials because of their significant antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy effects [ 14 ]. Peng et al [ 34 ] discussed recent advancements related to CD composites such as metal CDs, multi-component CDs, non-metallic inorganic CDs, and organic CDs with various bio-applications, namely, drug delivery and biosensing/bioimaging [ 34 ]. In one study, biowaste-derived CDs/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites synthesized from sugarcane bagasse char precursor via a hydrothermal technique could be deployed as nanocarriers for delivery of acetaminophen, with a loading capacity of ~48.5% [ 35 ].…”

Section: Waste To Wealth: Biowaste-derived Cds With Biomedical Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials

2022

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Today, sustainable and natural resources including biowastes have been considered attractive starting materials for the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable carbon dots (CDs) due to the benefits of availability, low cost, biorenewability, and environmentally benign attributes. These carbonaceous nanomaterials have been widely explored in the field of sensing/imaging, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cancer theranostics. Designing multifunctional biowaste-derived CDs with a high efficacy-to-toxicity ratio for sustained and targeted drug delivery, along with imaging potentials, opens a new window of opportunity toward theranostic applications. However, crucial challenges regarding the absorption/emission wavelength, up-conversion emission/multiphoton fluorescence mechanisms, and phosphorescence of these CDs still need to be addressed to attain the maximum functionality and efficacy. Future studies ought to focus on optimizing the synthesis techniques/conditions, evaluating the influence of nucleation/growth process on structures/properties, controlling their morphology/size, and finding the photoluminescence mechanisms. Reproducibility of synthesis techniques is another critically important factor that needs to be addressed in the future. Herein, the recent developments related to the biowaste-derived CDs with respect to their biomedical applications are deliberated, focusing on important challenges and future perspectives.

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Section: Waste To Wealth: Biowaste-derived Cds With Biomedical Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials

2022

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“…Ring structures of carbon atoms with either alternate single and triple bonds (polyynic) or consecutive double bonds (cumulenic) form a new family of carbon allotropes known as cyclo[ n ]carbons. , This allotrope of carbon is now in the limelight among researchers because of its potential applications for various molecular devices. − Cyclo[ n ]carbons are observed in the condensed phase, and their properties such as electronic structure, optical spectra, and aromaticity have already been reported using theoretical methods. − The cation-radicals of even-number cyclocarbons were recently generated experimentally in the gas phase under special conditions of laser ablation of graphite with subsequent trapping of the target cyclocarbons followed by measurements of their electronic spectra. , These data open up possibilities for the astronomical search for cyclocarbons in diffuse clouds by absorption spectroscopy …”

Section: Structure Of C18br6 and C18(co)6 Precursors On The Nacl Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclo[18]carbon Formation from C₁₈Br₆ and C₁₈(CO)₆ Precursors

Suresh

Baryshnikov

Kuklin

et al. 2022

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Although cyclo [18]carbon has been isolated experimentally from two precursors, C 18 Br 6 and C 18 (CO) 6 , no reaction mechanisms have yet been explored. Herein, we provide insight into the mechanism behind debromination and decarbonylation. Both neutral precursors demonstrate high activation barriers of ∼2.3 eV, while the application of an electric field can lower the barriers by 0.1−0.2 eV. The barrier energy of the anionradicals is found to be significantly lower for C 18 Br 6 compared to C 18 (CO) 6 , confirming a considerably higher yield of cylco [18] carbon when the C 18 Br 6 precursor is used. Elongation of the C−Br bond in the anion-radical confirms its predissociation condition. Natural bonding orbital analysis shows that the stability of C−Br and C−CO bonds in the anion-radicals is lower compared to their neutral species, indicating a possible higher yield. The applied analysis provides crucial details regarding the reaction yield of cyclo [18]carbon and can serve as a general scheme for tuning reaction conditions for other organic precursors.

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“…Ðorđević et al [ 1 ] reported the pre-synthetic and post-synthetic approaches for CDs synthesis and the influences of chemical tools on the properties of CDs. Wu et al [ 2 ] reviewed the synthesis of four types of CDs-based composites (metal-CDs, organic-CDs, nonmetallic inorganic-CDs, and multicomponent-CDs composites) and their uses in the bioapplications, such as biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery. Zhang et al [ 3 ] reviewed the development of synthetic/modification methods of CDs and CDs-based optical sensors for pesticides, as well as the advantages, possible limits, and challenges for their real-world application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots

Pundi

Chang

2022

Polymers

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Although there is significant progress in the research of carbon dots (CDs), some challenges such as difficulty in large-scale synthesis, complicated purification, low quantum yield, ambiguity in structure-property correlation, electronic structures, and photophysics are still major obstacles that hinder the commercial use of CDs. Recent advances in synthesis, modification, characterization, and applications of CDs are summarized in this review. We illustrate some examples to correlate process parameters, structures, compositions, properties, and performances of CDs-based materials. The advances in the synthesis approach, purification methods, and modification/doping methods for the synthesis of CDs are also presented. Moreover, some examples of the kilogram-scale fabrication of CDs are given. The properties and performance of CDs can be tuned by some synthesis parameters, such as the incubation time and precursor ratio, the laser pulse width, and the average molar mass of the polymeric precursor. Surface passivation also has a significant influence on the particle sizes of CDs. Moreover, some factors affect the properties and performance of CDs, such as the polarity-sensitive fluorescence effect and concentration-dependent multicolor luminescence, together with the size and surface states of CDs. The synchrotron near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) test has been proved to be a useful tool to explore the correlation among structural features, photophysics, and emission performance of CDs. Recent advances of CDs in bioimaging, sensing, therapy, energy, fertilizer, separation, security authentication, food packing, flame retardant, and co-catalyst for environmental remediation applications were reviewed in this article. Furthermore, the roles of CDs, doped CDs, and their composites in these applications were also demonstrated.

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Carbon dot composites for bioapplications: a review

Abstract: Carbon dots (CDs) have received extensive attention in the last decade for their excellent optical, chemical and biological properties. In recent years, CDs composites have also received significant attention due...

Cited by 45 publications

References 401 publications

Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials

Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials

Cyclo[18]carbon Formation from C₁₈Br₆ and C₁₈(CO)₆ Precursors

Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots

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Carbon dot composites for bioapplications: a review

Abstract: Carbon dots (CDs) have received extensive attention in the last decade for their excellent optical, chemical and biological properties. In recent years, CDs composites have also received significant attention due...

Cited by 45 publications

References 401 publications

Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials

Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials

Cyclo[18]carbon Formation from C18Br6 and C18(CO)6 Precursors

Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots

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Cyclo[18]carbon Formation from C₁₈Br₆ and C₁₈(CO)₆ Precursors