“…Their optical properties are in between those of semiconductor nanocrystals and molecules. 5 Recently, because of their size/surface group tunable optical properties, high quantum yield (QY), and high optical and chemical stability, C-dots have been widely used as efficient building blocks for fabricating optical and electrical devices, including luminescent solar concentrators, 6 photocatalysts, 7–9 biosensors/bioimaging devices 10,11 and anti-counterfeiting devices. 12,13…”