Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 exchange in the mangrove dominated Guayas river delta, Ecuador

Belliard, Jean‐Philippe; Hernandez, Simon Lucas; Temmerman, Stijn; Suello, Rey Harvey; Domínguez-Granda, Luis; Rosado-Moncayo, Andrea Mishell; Ramos-Veliz, John Alex; Parra-Narera, Rebeca N.; Ramirez, Karem Pollette; Govers, Gérard; Borges, Alberto; Bouillon, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107766

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Although mangroves are an important blue carbon environment, mangrove dominated waters usually have CO 2 concentrations highly above than the estuary associated (Borges et al 2003). In the PRD, the mean pCO 2 values observed in the mangrove-dominated waters are within the range reported in other mangrove systems in the world (Bouillon et al 2007;Akhand et al 2016;Rosentreter et al 2018a;Call et al 2019;Cotovicz et al 2020a;Belliard et al 2022). Maximum pCO 2 values were found along these areas, fairly exceeding the values calculated by the mixing curve, in both seasons (Fig.…”

Section: Drivers Of Pco 2 Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Freshwater runoff from rivers is an important source of CO 2 in estuaries and can contribute on average to 10% of total estuarine emissions (Abril and Borges 2005), or more (Rosentreter et al 2018 b ). The freshwater influence was also observed in other tropical deltas, such as the Mekong and Guayas, which presented higher values of p CO 2 in the inner areas of the estuary during the high discharge season (Borges et al 2018; Belliard et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Studies have shown that the decreasing freshwater inputs from rivers are related to low CO 2 emissions in estuarine and mangrove-dominated waters. This is attributed to the low inputs of DIC (and CO 2 ) from river sources, as well as the limited lateral exchanges between mangroves and estuarine waters during periods of low river flow (Sarma et al 2011(Sarma et al , 2012Cotovicz et al 2020a;Akhand et al 2021aAkhand et al , 2021bBelliard et al 2022). Therefore, the significant reduction of CO 2 emissions in the PRD with the entrance of seawater may represent a prognostic of what would happen in some estuarine systems in a climate change scenario.…”

Section: The Co 2 Emissions In a Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and spatial variability of CO₂ emissions in a large tropical mangrove‐dominated delta

Chielle,

Marins,

Cavalcante

et al. 2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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This study quantified the seasonal and spatial variability of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and water‐atmosphere CO2 fluxes in the Parnaíba River Delta, the largest delta in the Americas. It is a pristine equatorial, mangrove‐dominated environment located in a transitional between humid and semi‐arid climates, with marked seasonality in rainfall and river discharge. Major channels and bays were sampled during dry and wet seasons, with continuous measurements of pCO2, temperature, salinity, and wind velocity. Subsurface water samples were collected in discrete stations for pH, total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a quantification. A significant positive correlation between carbonate system parameters with salinity was found in both periods, with salinity significantly higher in the dry season. Strong deviations of pCO2, TA, and DIC from two endmembers conservative mixing were found, particularly in mangrove‐dominated waters, due to organic matter degradation. The Delta showed high spatial variability of pCO2, with the highest values in mangrove‐dominated waters, moderate in the river‐dominated regions, and lowest in the high salinity areas, suggesting that pCO2 variability is likely controlled by a combination of river‐ocean mixing and biological processes (respiration and photosynthesis). The Delta outgasses about 20 times less CO2 in the dry season (9.06 ± 11.09 mmol m−2.d−1) than in the rainy season (209.68 ± 250.87 mmol m−2 d−1). Our results indicate this large mangrove‐dominated tropical delta is an important source of CO2 to the atmosphere, but a sharp decrease was observed during dry periods.

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Section: Drivers Of Pco 2 Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: The Co 2 Emissions In a Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and spatial variability of CO₂ emissions in a large tropical mangrove‐dominated delta

Chielle,

Marins,

Cavalcante

et al. 2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…On a local scale, TA and DIC outwelling varied over tidal cycles 35 , 36 , across seasons 9 , 37 , in response to episodic weather events 38 , 39 , and was controlled by carbonate dissolution in some coastlines such as the Everglades 18 (Supplementary Table 3 ). DIC outwelling from mangroves was approximately two times higher during wet than dry seasons 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 . Macrotidal Chinese saltmarshes 36 , 42 – 45 had DIC outwelling rates exceeding those in microtidal US saltmarshes 9 , 32 , 34 by a factor of 20 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Carbonate chemistry and carbon sequestration driven by inorganic carbon outwelling from mangroves and saltmarshes

Reithmaier,

Cabral,

Akhand

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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Mangroves and saltmarshes are biogeochemical hotspots storing carbon in sediments and in the ocean following lateral carbon export (outwelling). Coastal seawater pH is modified by both uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and natural biogeochemical processes, e.g., wetland inputs. Here, we investigate how mangroves and saltmarshes influence coastal carbonate chemistry and quantify the contribution of alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) outwelling to blue carbon budgets. Observations from 45 mangroves and 16 saltmarshes worldwide revealed that >70% of intertidal wetlands export more DIC than alkalinity, potentially decreasing the pH of coastal waters. Porewater-derived DIC outwelling (81 ± 47 mmol m−2d−1in mangroves and 57 ± 104 mmol m−2d−1in saltmarshes) was the major term in blue carbon budgets. However, substantial amounts of fixed carbon remain unaccounted for. Concurrently, alkalinity outwelling was similar or higher than sediment carbon burial and is therefore a significant but often overlooked carbon sequestration mechanism.

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“…Dissolved carbon concentrations change throughout the tidal cycle, with the highest concentrations measured during low tides of cycles of large amplitudes (Taillardat et al, 2018). Exports vary seasonally (Belliard et al, 2022; Liu & Lai, 2019), and episodic rain events can increase DIC but decrease DOC exports (Reithmaier et al, 2021). The patterns of DIC and DOC exports cannot be explained solely by temperature, precipitation, tidal amplitude, or carbon stocks (Alongi, 2020).…”

Section: Carbon Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses

Adame,

Cormier,

Taillardat

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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Mangroves are one of the most carbon‐dense forests on the Earth and have been highlighted as key ecosystems for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Hundreds of studies have investigated how mangroves fix, transform, store, and export carbon. Here, we review and synthesize the previously known and emerging carbon pathways in mangroves, including gains (woody biomass accumulation, deadwood accumulation, soil carbon sequestration, root and litterfall production), transformations (food web transfer through herbivory, decomposition), and losses (respiration as CO2 and CH4, litterfall export, particulate and dissolved carbon export). We then review the technologies available to measure carbon fluxes in mangroves, their potential, and their limitations. We also synthesize and compare mangrove net ecosystem productivity (NEP) with terrestrial forests. Finally, we update global estimates of carbon fluxes with the most current values of fluxes and global mangrove area. We found that the contributions of recently investigated fluxes, such as soil respiration as CH4, are minor (<1 Tg C year−1), while the contributions of deadwood accumulation, herbivory, and lateral export are significant (>35 Tg C year−1). Dissolved inorganic carbon exports are an order of magnitude higher than the other processes investigated and were highly variable, highlighting the need for further studies. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) per area of mangroves were within the same order of magnitude as terrestrial forests. However, ER/GPP was lower in mangroves, explaining their higher carbon sequestration. We estimate the global mean mangrove NEP of 109.1 Tg C year−1 (7.4 Mg C ha−1 year−1) or through a budget balance, accounting for lateral losses, a global mean of 66.6 Tg C year−1 (4.5 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Overall, mangroves are highly productive, and despite losses due to respiration and tidal exchange, they are significant carbon sinks.

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Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 exchange in the mangrove dominated Guayas river delta, Ecuador

Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

Seasonal and spatial variability of CO₂ emissions in a large tropical mangrove‐dominated delta

Seasonal and spatial variability of CO₂ emissions in a large tropical mangrove‐dominated delta

Carbonate chemistry and carbon sequestration driven by inorganic carbon outwelling from mangroves and saltmarshes

Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses

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Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 exchange in the mangrove dominated Guayas river delta, Ecuador

Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

Seasonal and spatial variability of CO2 emissions in a large tropical mangrove‐dominated delta

Seasonal and spatial variability of CO2 emissions in a large tropical mangrove‐dominated delta

Carbonate chemistry and carbon sequestration driven by inorganic carbon outwelling from mangroves and saltmarshes

Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses

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Product

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Seasonal and spatial variability of CO₂ emissions in a large tropical mangrove‐dominated delta

Seasonal and spatial variability of CO₂ emissions in a large tropical mangrove‐dominated delta