Carbon emission allocation standards in China: A case study of Shanghai city

Gao, Guangkuo; Chen, Shuai; Yang, Jiameng

doi:10.1016/j.esr.2015.04.002

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Moreover, achieving environmental justice and health equity through the polluter-pay-principle (control levels and polluters discharges) is used by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) [62] as an intervention for eliminating the effect of externalities [162], such as work productivity, health risks, and societal and environmental damages related to air pollutions [22,23]. This supports the consensus that citizens should have the equivalent opportunities, fairness, and rights to access public goods, including a clean environment, as proposed by Gao et al [178] in Shanghai. Therefore, the implementation of LCC technologies, which reduces carbon emissions and other environmental pollution will ensure a reduction in health impacts.…”

Section: Equitymentioning

confidence: 54%

Sustainability of Low Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Hunter

Sagoe²,

Vettorato

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Low carbon city (LCC) has emerged as the latest sustainable urbanism strategy in China as a response to climate change impacts. Yet, minimal scholarships have explored the sustainability of the urban planning model towards understanding the complexity of the components. Using a two-step triangulation approach, this paper presents a structured overview of the LCC initiative in China as it relates to the transition to a sustainability paradigm. The data collection approach includes a comprehensive review of 238 articles on LCC to identify and categorize LCC components. Furthermore, discourse and framing analysis was used to develop and synthesize a conceptual framework for assimilating the components into four core sustainable development principles: Integration, implementation, equity, and scalability and replicability. The results indicate that LCC development in China is bias towards economic and environmental technological innovations and strategies. Additionally, several critical sustainability issues of LCC pilots were identified. These include a lack of social equity planning concerns for the most vulnerable population, dearth of social reforms that cater to lifestyle and behavioral change, top-down planning and decision-making processes, a technocratic rationalization planning approach, inconsistent LCC targets on inter-generational justice concerns, absence of an effective national "sharing and learning" city-city network system, and several barriers to implementation. We conclude that the applied theoretical and conceptual inquiry into the field of LCC is pertinent to mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable urban development.Sustainability 2019, 11, 4342 2 of 37 consumption [14][15][16][17]. This increasing energy consumption and coal dependency of the urban energy system has increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as China has become the world's largest energy consumer and carbon emitter [18,19]. A recent report by the National Bureau of Statistics [20] suggests that despite a decline in GHG emissions between 2013 and 2016, emissions grew by 2.3% in 2018 due to a surge in urban construction. Therefore, after three decades of rapid physical and socio-spatial modernization, the country is facing significant negative externalities [16]. Local environmental pollution [6,16,[21][22][23], ecological deterioration [24], and energy shortage [21,25] have created health risks [26], have affected people's quality of life [27], and resulted in substantial economic losses [28] in megacities such as Tianjin and Beijing [29]. Concomitantly, China's cities are vulnerable to climate change impacts [17,30], as some cities have inadequate seawall defenses in low-lying areas [5], and are therefore exposed to flooding and extreme rainstorms [23]. In addition to this, some experience droughts from reduced precipitation, which can be attributed to low urban institutional capacity that creates limitations in climate governance and planning [31]. These complex and intractable problems have heralded a call for action, t...

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Section: Equitymentioning

confidence: 54%

Sustainability of Low Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Hunter

Sagoe²,

Vettorato

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…This requires that such a market should be carefully designed to avoid over-allocation. Several provincial allowance allocation methods were proposed, including the one based on per capita GDP (Wu et al, 2016a), per capita equal historical cumulative emissions (Gao et al, 2015), and CO2 abatement capacity index (Wei et al, 2012). In addition, different opinions occurred, focusing on whether China should start the carbon market with the free allocation method or the auction method (Cong et al, 2012;Hübler et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general equilibrium analysis on the impacts of regional and sectoral emission allowance allocation at carbon trading market

Geng

Dai

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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It is critical to adapt to climate change and reduce the overall carbon emissions. China announced its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) at the Paris climate conference in 2015. The carbon cap-and-trade scheme, which plays a key role in carbon emissions abatement, is an effective policy for China to achieve its NDC. This study focuses on the allocation of regional and sectoral initial carbon emission allowances in Shanghai. An impact evaluation on the macro-economy, carbon trading markets and participating sectors for the year 2030 was conducted by applying a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The results show that the carbon cap-and-trade scheme would cause a 3.4% GDP loss and an 8.9% welfare loss in 2030. The carbon price would be 161.2 USD/t and 147.2 USD/t under the two representative scenarios. The allocation of initial allowances would have a significant impact on both carbon market scale and sectoral trading behaviors. The power generation sector and the petrol oil sector would undertake the greatest output loss, while the metal smelting sector would become the main seller. Furthermore, the initial allowances allocation under a certain abatement target would hardly affect sectoral production but remarkably affect trade behaviors at the carbon trading markets.

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“…This paper is also distinguished from references [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], which did not use the ZSG-DEA model and/or did not research the CO 2 emissions allowance among China's provinces. Instead, this paper attempts to measure the expected efficiency of carbon emissions allocation in 2020 in China by employing the ZSG-DEA model and further investigates how to establish an efficient allocation under the conditions of fixed total carbon emission rights based on the calculated parameter results.…”

Section: Carbon Allowance Allocation Based On Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miao et al [23] researched CO2 emissions allowances among provinces in 2010 in China but did not research CO2 emissions allowances among provinces in 2020 in China. References [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] did not use the ZSG-DEA model and/or did not research the CO2 emissions allowance among provinces in China.…”

Section: Deap2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting the Allocative Efficiency of Carbon Emission Allowance Financial Assets in China at the Provincial Level in 2020

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2016

Energies

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Abstract:As the result of climate change and deteriorating global environmental quality, nations are under pressure to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases per unit of GDP. China has announced that it is aiming not only to reduce carbon emission per unit of GDP, but also to consume increased amounts of non-fossil energy. The carbon emission allowance is a new type of financial asset in each Chinese province and city that also affects individual firms. This paper attempts to examine the allocative efficiency of carbon emission reduction and non-fossil energy consumption by employing a zero sum gains data envelopment analysis (ZSG-DEA) model, given the premise of fixed CO 2 emissions as well as non-fossil energy consumption. In making its forecasts, the paper optimizes allocative efficiency in 2020 using 2010 economic and carbon emission data from 30 provinces and cities across China as its baseline. An efficient allocation scheme is achieved for all the provinces and cities using the ZSG-DEA model through five iterative calculations.

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Carbon emission allocation standards in China: A case study of Shanghai city

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Sustainability of Low Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Sustainability of Low Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Comprehensive Literature Review

A general equilibrium analysis on the impacts of regional and sectoral emission allowance allocation at carbon trading market

Forecasting the Allocative Efficiency of Carbon Emission Allowance Financial Assets in China at the Provincial Level in 2020

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