Carbon Emission and Urban Climate in Georgia

Abstract

The GHG indicator based on the data collected in Georgia in 2015 was 17.6 mt. CO2 eq. GHG emissions are generated in 7 sectors: energy generation, transportation, construction, industry, agriculture, waste management and Forestry. Increase of CO2 in Georgia is greatly affected by urban activities- namely exhaust fumes and poor quality of fuel. 10% of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is combustion product. All atmosphere protection operations in Georgia are regulated in the frameworks of official state program, which groups all the emissions connected with energetics, climate strategy and transport through sectors. In 2015 total GHG emission in the sector of transportation was up to 24% (Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, 2019). In previous years (2015) transportation GHG emission was up to 68% in total. Various types of transportation data: car emission-88%, bus emission 5% and minibus emission-6%. 32% of emission falls on railway and agricultural technology. 29% falls on trucks. Characteristics of transportation GHG emissions data in Georgia up to 2023 remains the following: electricity is mostly consumed by the railway, which includes Tbilisi underground train service. Expense is only 1% of electricity. Considering basic data collected in the sector of agriculture, by 2030 increase in Agricultural emission will probably be about 40% more compared to the initial data. That is 4.63 mt. CO2 eq. Within livestock, ruminant livestock remains main source of emissions, that is in 2015 92% of Enteric fermentation emission and 82% of emission was due to dung waste emission. These forms still remain as main sources of emission till 2030. Agricultural development is of high priority in Georgia. Strategically, main focus will be made on forming and launching the climate-oriented agricultural practices. In the future sustainable business will be the chief foundation determining a reasonable growth and development of the field of agriculture. Considering the climate change, drastic measures should be taken in order to prevent or avoid natural disasters. Vivid example of the climate change is a tragic disaster that happened in one of the regions of Georgia, Ratcha, Shovi on the 3rd of August, 2023. As a result of landslide several tons of mass almost completely covered resort Shovi. 220 people were rescued, 30 died and rescuers are searching for more victims. As survivors claim, landslide covered the surrounding area of so-called “Cottage district” in just 3-4 seconds, ruining all the infrastructure, bridges and caused death of several people. The natural disaster was a result of melting glaciers both locally and in the oceans worldwide. Global warming is responsible for such devastating disasters.