Carbon Emission Mitigation: a Sustainable Transportation Perspective for Reforming the Law on Highways in Indonesia

Abstract

Objective: This research aims to provide essential issues to be included in the draft of new regulations to revise Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The transportation sector plays a vital role in social mobility in Jakarta. However, the negative impact of increasing carbon emissions reaching 171 air pollution standard index (APSI) cannot be accommodated by outdated laws and poses a significant challenge to the health of the environment and urban communities now and in the future. Theoretical framework: The theory used is Carbon Emission Disclosure. We will use some of this theory to explain and incorporate it into the plans for new regulations. Carbon Emission Disclosure (CED) is one part of carbon accounting, an organization's obligation to measure, acknowledge, record, present, and disclose carbon emissions. In this context, the government is responsible for CED. Carbon Emission Disclosure was measured using several items adopted from research. There are five broad categories relevant to climate change and carbon emissions: climate change risks and opportunities, greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, reduction of greenhouse gases and costs, and accountability of emission carbon. Method: The Method uses a qualitative approach using focus group discussions and is supported by participant observation. Sixteen stakeholders, policymakers, and eight private vehicle users participated in this study, providing diverse perspectives. Research starts May 18 to November 19, 2023. The research locus is in the city of Jakarta. Results and Conclusions: This study found six themes that were taken into consideration to be included in the draft of new regulations that will be drafted. Namely Motor Vehicle Policy is to reduce the amount of reduction in the impact of carbon emissions; policy on the impact of traffic jams and density, the impact of carbon emissions on population health; limiting vehicle emissions by implementing carbon accounting; zero-emission vehicles by supporting electric vehicles; future solutions and strategies, namely implementing a Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) plan to reduce carbon emissions, and regarding the use of illegal drugs, alcohol, and several points proposed by field observation participants. Research implications: This study presents policy implications that the government can utilize to reduce the impact of carbon emissions through several parts of the CED concept, including reducing carbon emissions, high energy consumption in Jakarta can be reduced by electric vehicles, detailing emission reduction strategies, and comprehensively implementing accountability for carbon emissions serious about coal-based electricity companies around the city of Jakarta. The consequences of this strategy can range from policy formulation to developing new regulations that replace old laws. Originality/value: This research analyzes the paradigm shift, which still uses old laws to become new laws, by including the CED concept, which focuses on six themes from the results of this study. These changes can affect transportation management in Indonesia. This paradigm shift study is a new contribution because it can provide a deeper understanding of the evolution of transportation governance by reducing carbon emissions. This paradigm shift is expected to significantly shift private vehicle users to mass vehicles, reducing carbon emissions. On the other hand, the government has issued regulations President Number 61 of 2011 concerning the National Action Plan for Emission Reduction Greenhouse Gases. This regulation is issued to reduce carbon emissions. The challenge is that until now, the implementers have yet to implement it thoughtfully; its implementation is separate from the National Law and requires a solid will to include it in the new draft law as a single unit.