Carbon emission reduction of shore power from power energy structure in China

Abstract

With the construction of China’s ecological civilization and the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, shore power has been vigorously developed as an important technology for the future green development of ports. However, China’s electricity is still mostly coal-fired, which produces many carbon emissions. Coupled with regional differences, shore power is by no means certain to lower carbon emissions compared with fuel throughout China. Considering the power energy structure in different regions, this paper establishes a carbon emission correlation model between fuel and shore power during ship berthing, calculates the feasibility and actual emission reduction effect of shore power in coastal ports, and studies the restriction condition of starting time for the use of shore power for ships attached to ports according to the national policy of mandatory use of shore power. The results show that only a small part of coastal provinces and cities are suitable for using shore power, and it is limited by the berthing time of the ship. However, this condition is not related to the size of ships but related to the proportion of power generation. Therefore, the government should develop shore power according to local conditions, and vigorously increase the proportion of clean energy, so that the shore power truly achieve zero carbon emissions.

Carbon and cost accounting for liner shipping under the European Union Emission Trading System

“…Technical measures need to change the structure of the ships (Bouman et al, 2017), mostly including alternative fuels, energy saving devices, improving propulsion and power systems, shore power and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology (Zis et al, 2020), of which using alternative fuels is the most promising (Dettner and Hilpert, 2023), with the most significant environmental benefit (Ejder and Arslanoglu, 2022). Shore power is one of the most prominent measures to reduce emissions in ports by eliminating emissions from auxiliary engines at berth (Bjerkan and Seter, 2021;Sun et al, 2022a). Zis (2019) pointed out that by the end of 2025, all EU ports must be equipped with shore power.…”

Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction at the Port of Integrated Logistics: The Port of Shanghai Case Study

“…Yu Yao et al [18] argue that port carbon emissions are strongly linked to port throughput, productivity, containerization, and intermodal transport. Ling Sun [10,19] believes that only a small number of coastal provinces and cities are suitable for using shore power, and they are limited by the berthing times of ships. However, this condition has nothing to do with the size of the ship but with the power generation ratio.…”

“…to measure the energy conservation and emission reduction efficiency of the Bohai Rim port group to evaluate and explore the factors that affect port carbon emission reduction and give corresponding policy recommendations [9]. At the same time, some scholars have conducted research on the use of shore power in ports and have given a carbon emission calculation model [10]. In short, most scholars' research discussions are about the optimization of port operation and energy use schemes or how to provide alternative transportation solutions to achieve the purpose of reducing port carbon emissions.…”

Analysis on Evaluation and Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Port Cluster Eco-Efficiency: Case Study from the Yangtze River Delta in China

“…In this context, the Ministry of Transport of China has released several major projects, including green port pilot, sustainable development assessment, and port pollution prevention. Despite these efforts, most Chinese ports have not reached the same emission level as the international community [4], and they are still at the stage of ecological underdevelopment [5][6][7].…”