Carbon emissions from manufacturing energy use in 13 IEA countries: long-term trends through 1995

Murtishaw, Scott; Khrushch, Marta; Ting, Michael M.; Karbuz, Sohbet; Unander, Fridtjof

doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(00)00163-4

Cited by 83 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The literature offers a wide range of similar decomposition analyses of the changes in CO 2 emissions, see e.g. Schipper et al (2001), Murtishaw and Schipper (2001), Liaskas et al (2000) and Bruvoll and Medin (2002). Our study departs from this literature in several aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas emissions in Norway: do carbon taxes work?

2004

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Abstract:During the last decade, Norway has carried out an ambitious climate policy. The main policy tool is a relatively high carbon tax, which was implemented already in 1991. Data for the development in CO 2 emissions since then provide a unique opportunity to evaluate carbon taxes as a policy tool. To reveal the driving forces behind the changes in the three most important climate gases, CO 2 , methane and N 2 O in the period 1990-1999, we decompose the actually observed emissions changes, and use an applied general equilibrium simulation to look into the specific effect of carbon taxes. Although total emissions have increased, we find a significant reduction in emissions per unit of GDP over the period due to reduced energy intensity, changes in the energy mix and reduced process emissions. Despite considerable taxes and price increases for some fuel-types, the carbon tax effect has been modest. While the partial effect from lower energy intensity and energy mix changes was a reduction in CO 2 emissions of 14 percent, the carbon taxes contributed to only 2 percent reduction. This relatively small effect relates to extensive tax exemptions and relatively inelastic demand in the sectors in which the tax is actually implemented.Keywords: Greenhouse gas emissions, carbon taxes, applied general equilibrium model IntroductionThe recognition of the climate change effect from greenhouse gases has led countries to implement regulations and taxes to curb these emissions. Within a few years, we expect that the use of price mechanisms to combat climate gas emissions will be expanded. It is likely that many countries will participate in a quota-based emission trading system for greenhouse gases to fulfill the Kyoto Protocol, cf. the Marrakech agreement. The question of the effect of such tax regimes remains unanswered empirically, and there is a great need for information on the functioning of price-based incentives. Some countries, among them Norway, have implemented Pigouvian carbon taxes. TheNorwegian carbon taxes are among the highest in the world, measured in per ton CO 2 , and the history then provides researchers with a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of such taxes, and to shed light on the possible effects of a quota-based emission trading system for CO 2 .In Norway, as well as in other OECD countries, the emissions of greenhouse gases exhibited relative decoupling from economic growth over the 1990-99 period: emissions in OECD increased by about 4 percent, whereas GDP grew by almost 23 percent (OECD 2002). This decoupling is a result of relative price changes and several other mechanisms. Particularly, the Norwegian carbon taxes increase fossil fuel prices, which influence climate gas emissions directly and indirectly. The direct effects are energy efficiency and substitution, and the indirect effects come through overall cost transfers, industry competition and labor market adjustments. Relative price changes between input factors further influence the choice of more or less energy efficient techno...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas emissions in Norway: do carbon taxes work?

2004

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“…Therefore, industrial activities and the carbon emission effects have also become the concern of scholars at home and abroad. For example, Schipper et al (2001) analyzed the carbon emission intensity of 9 manufacturing sectors of 13 IEA countries using factor decomposition method, which explained the main reasons for growth in carbon emissions since 1990 and made evaluations combined with the targets of Kyoto Protocol; Chang et al (1998) studied the industrial carbon emission and its structural decomposition of Taiwan based on the input-output approach. Casler et al (1998) used model method to analyze the structure of U.S. carbon emissions, which maintained that the use of alternative energy was the major factor causing carbon emission decline.…”

Section: Researches On Carbon Emissions From Industrial Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon footprint of different industrial spaces based on energy consumption in China

et al. 2011

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Using energy consumption and land use data of each region of China in 2007, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint model based on energy consumption, and estimated the carbon emission amount of fossil energy and rural biomass energy of different regions of China in 2007. Through matching the energy consumption items with industrial spaces, this paper divided industrial spaces into five types: agricultural space, living & industrial-commercial space, transportation industrial space, fishery and water conservancy space, and other industrial space. Then the author analyzed the carbon emission intensity and carbon footprint of each industrial space. Finally, advices of decreasing industrial carbon footprint and optimizing industrial space pattern were put forward. The main conclusions are as following: (1) Total amount of carbon emission from energy consumption of China in 2007 was about 1.65 GtC, in which the proportion of carbon emission from fossil energy was 89%.(2) Carbon emission intensity of industrial space of China in 2007 was 1.98 t/hm 2 , in which, carbon emission intensity of living & industrial-commercial space and of transportation industrial space was 55.16 t/hm 2 and 49.65 t/hm 2 respectively, they were high-carbon-emission industrial spaces among others. (3) Carbon footprint caused by industrial activities of China in 2007 was 522.34×10 6 hm 2 , which brought about ecological deficit of 28.69×10 6 hm 2 , which means that the productive lands were not sufficient to compensate for carbon footprint of industrial activities, and the compensating rate was 94.5%. As to the regional carbon footprint, several regions have ecological profit while others have not. In general, the present ecological deficit caused by industrial activities was small in 2007. (4) Per unit area carbon footprint of industrial space in China was about 0.63 hm 2 /hm 2 in 2007, in which that of living & industrial-commercial space was the highest (17.5 hm 2 /hm 2 ). The per unit area carbon footprint of different industrial spaces all presented a declining trend from east to west of China.

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“…Another finding was that the uncertainty of fossil-fuel CO 2 fluxes in the atmosphere can be reduced through the use of transport models. Schipper et al (2001) analysed the trends in CO 2 emissions across manufacturing industries in 13 developed countries by applying an adaptive weighting Divisia decomposition and compared emissions by country and subsector. This study revealed that emissions have been increasing since 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 emissions in German, Swedish and Colombian manufacturing industries

Poveda

Martínez

2013

Reg Environ Change

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This study evaluates and compares the trends in CO 2 emissions for the manufacturing industries of three countries: two developed countries (Germany and Sweden) that have applied several measures to promote a shift towards a low-carbon economy and one developing country (Colombia) that has shown substantial improvements in the reduction of CO 2 emissions. This analysis is conducted using panel data cointegration techniques to infer causality between CO 2 emissions, production factors and energy sources. The results indicate a trend of producing more output with less pollution. The trends for these countries' CO 2 emissions depend on investment levels, energy sources and economic factors. Furthermore, the trends in CO 2 emissions indicate that there are emission level differences between the two developed countries and the developing country. Moreover, the study confirms that it is possible to achieve economic growth and sustainable development while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as Germany and Sweden demonstrate. In the case of Colombia, it is important to encourage a reduction in CO 2 emissions through policies that combine technical and economic instruments and incentivise the application of new technologies that promote clean and environmentally friendly processes.

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Carbon emissions from manufacturing energy use in 13 IEA countries: long-term trends through 1995

Cited by 83 publications

References 15 publications

Greenhouse gas emissions in Norway: do carbon taxes work?

Greenhouse gas emissions in Norway: do carbon taxes work?

Carbon footprint of different industrial spaces based on energy consumption in China

CO2 emissions in German, Swedish and Colombian manufacturing industries

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