Carbon flow into soil and external hyphae from roots of mycorrhizal cucumber plants

Jakobsen, Iver; Rosendahl, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00924.x

Cited by 505 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the latter study, Gange & West (1994) found that mycorrhizal Plantago lanceolata had lower levels of total N than did plants in which colonization was experimentalK' reduced, and other reports also suggest that AM colonization can tower soluble N levels (Trimble & Knowles, 1995). Mycorrhizal fungi are a considerable carbon drain on a host, w ith 10-20 " o of annual photosynthate being directed to the fungus (Jakobsen & Rosendahl, 1990) and this, coupled with the lowering of plant N concentration, could have serious consequences for a gall-forming insect which does not have the abilit>' to move and seek alternative food sources. However, such problems may be tempered by the abilirv' of the adult female to discriminate between suitable and unsuitable plants (Fernandes & Price, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Performance of the thistle gall fly, Urophora cardui, in relation to host plant nitrogen and mycorrhizal colonization

Gange

Nice

1997

New Phytologist

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SUMM.'VRYMany hypotheses have been developed to explain the adaptive nature of insect galls. One of these, the nutrition hypothesis, states that gall formers have advantages over other insects because gall tissue provides a better (higher quality) food source than unmodified tissue. However, this has rarely been experimentally tested. In a test of this hypothesis, we grew plants of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, tn a factorial design with two main treatments: the addition of nitrogen (to enhance foliar N levels) and of fungicide (to reduce colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi). Mycorrhizal fungi have been shown previously to reduce the X concentration of host plants. Plants were exposed to adult gall flies, Urophora cardui L., and maintained through one season to allow maturation of galls.Reduction of the percentage mycorrhizal colonization by fungicide resulted in an elevation of total stem N comparable to that achie\'ed by X addition, but gall N concentration remained unchanged in all treatments. Nitrogen application elevated stem N levels when mycorrhizal fungi were present, but apphcation of both compounds together did not result in any increase over either single treatment. Fungicide application resulted in larger galls, which contained more lar\-al chambers, with more live, and heavier, larvae. However, the main effects of N were not significant, as N addition only increased fly performance on plants where mycorrhizas were not reduced.It is suggested that U. cardui gall inhabitants can manipulate N at an optimal level and thus might conform to a modified version of the nutrition hypothesis. Mycorrhizal colonization might reduce gall fly performance by delaying the appearance, or impairing the quality, of secondary nutritive tissue in the gall. Future tests of the nutrition hypothesis should include a consideration of the plant's mycorrhizal status.

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confidence: 87%

Performance of the thistle gall fly, Urophora cardui, in relation to host plant nitrogen and mycorrhizal colonization

Gange

Nice

1997

New Phytologist

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“…Colonisation of roots by AMF can alter plant C allocation (Jakobsen and Rosendahl 1990) (depending on developmental stage Mortimer et al 2005), and stimulate plant photosynthetic rates (Smith and Read 1997). Allocation of C to AMF may vary with stage of plant development (Mortimer et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, nutrition, and soil respiration of a mycorrhiza-defective tomato mutant and its mycorrhizal wild-type progenitor

Cavagnaro

Langley

Jackson

et al. 2008

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. The effects of colonisation of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil respiration, plant growth, nutrition, and soil microbial communities were assessed using a mycorrhiza-defective tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutant and its mycorrhizal wild-type progenitor. Plants were grown in rhizocosms in an automated respiration monitoring system over the course of the experiment (79 days). Soil respiration was similar in the two tomato genotypes, and between P treatments with plants. Mycorrhizal colonisation increased P and Zn content and decreased root biomass, but did not affect aboveground plant biomass. Soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial communities based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis were similar across all treatments, suggesting that the two genotypes differed little in their effect on soil activity. Although approximately similar amounts of C may have been expended belowground in both genotypes, they may have differed in the relative C allocation to root construction v. respiration. Further, net soil respiration did not differ between the two tomato genotypes, but root dry weight was lower in mycorrhizal roots, and respiration of mycorrhizal roots per unit dry weight was higher than nonmycorrhizal roots. This indicates that the AM contribution to soil respiration may indeed be significant, and nutrient uptake per unit C expenditure belowground in this experiment appeared to be higher in mycorrhizal plants.

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“…Carbon flow to the roots is known to be increased when hosts are mycorrhizal due to the sink activity of the fungal endophyte (Jakobsen & Rosendahl, 1990). Rhinanthus spp.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the hemiparasitic angiosperm Rhinanthus minor during co‐infection of a host

Davies¹,

Graves

1998

New Phytologist

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The outcome of dual infection of the grass Lolium perenne L. by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the parasitic angiosperm Rhinanthus minor L. was investigated in a glasshouse study. Colonization of L. perenne roots by AM fungi was significantly reduced by the presence of R. minor, as was host growth which fell by 44-51 %. It was concluded that these two responses were linked, with AM colonization declining in response to the reduction in availability of host carbon. Parasite growth and reproductive output rose by 58 % and 47 % respectively when the hosts were mycorrhizal. These trends were unrelated to the attachment success of the parasite, but were accompanied by a significant increase in the formation of secondary haustoria. The benefits afforded the parasite when the hosts were mycorrhizal were attributed to increased carbon and nutrient flux resulting from alternations in sink strength. Host responses to parasitism and mycorrhizal colonization were not affected by the interaction between the two symbionts. However, the suggestion is made that the interaction between the AM fungi and parasite might have long-term ecological implications for the host species via its impact on parasite fecundity.

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Carbon flow into soil and external hyphae from roots of mycorrhizal cucumber plants

Cited by 505 publications

References 28 publications

Performance of the thistle gall fly, Urophora cardui, in relation to host plant nitrogen and mycorrhizal colonization

Performance of the thistle gall fly, Urophora cardui, in relation to host plant nitrogen and mycorrhizal colonization

Growth, nutrition, and soil respiration of a mycorrhiza-defective tomato mutant and its mycorrhizal wild-type progenitor

Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the hemiparasitic angiosperm Rhinanthus minor during co‐infection of a host

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