Carbon fluxes in coral reefs. I. Lagrangian measurement of community metabolism and resulting air-sea CO2 disequilibrium

Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre; Pichon, Michel; Delesalle, Bruno; Canon, Christine; Frankignoulle, Michel

doi:10.3354/meps145109

Cited by 170 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Environmental controls on hourly differences in growth rates During our short-term incubation experiments, we found the response of calcification to changes in light to be 0.007 mmol m -2 h -1 , which is similar to that reported by Langdon and Atkinson (2005;0.01 mmol m -2 h -1 ) and Gattuso et al (1996; 0.005 mmol m -2 h -1 ). During the light incubations, X arag increased by 0.13 ± 0.06 (SD) units, and during the dark incubation, it decreased by 0.18 ± 0.07 units.…”

Section: Controlling Factors Of Seasonal Coral Calcification In Bermudasupporting

confidence: 76%

Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform

2014

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Experimental studies have shown that coral calcification rates are dependent on light, nutrients, food availability, temperature, and seawater aragonite saturation (X arag ), but the relative importance of each parameter in natural settings remains uncertain. In this study, we applied Calcein fluorescent dyes as time indicators within the skeleton of coral colonies (n = 3) of Porites astreoides and Diploria strigosa at three study sites distributed across the northern Bermuda coral reef platform. We evaluated the correlation between seasonal average growth rates based on coral density and extension rates with average temperature, light, and seawater X arag in an effort to decipher the relative importance of each parameter. The results show significant seasonal differences among coral calcification rates ranging from summer maximums of 243 ± 58 and 274 ± 57 mmol CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 to winter minimums of 135 ± 39 and 101 ± 34 mmol CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 for P. astreoides and D. strigosa, respectively. We also placed small coral colonies (n = 10) in transparent chambers and measured the instantaneous rate of calcification under light and dark treatments at the same study sites. The results showed that the skeletal growth of D. strigosa and P. astreoides, whether hourly or seasonal, was highly sensitive to X arag . We believe this high sensitivity, however, is misleading, due to covariance between light and X arag , with the former being the strongest driver of calcification variability. For the seasonal data, we assessed the impact that the observed seasonal differences in temperature (4.0°C), light (5.1 mol photons m -2 d -1 ), and X arag (0.16 units) would have on coral growth rates based on established relationships derived from laboratory studies and found that they could account for approximately 44, 52, and 5 %, respectively, of the observed seasonal change of 81 ± 14 mmol CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 . Using short-term light and dark incubations, we show how the covariance of light and X arag can lead to the false conclusion that calcification is more sensitive to X arag than it really is.

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Section: Controlling Factors Of Seasonal Coral Calcification In Bermudasupporting

confidence: 76%

Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform

2014

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“…The DTA: DDIC relationship reflects the balance between net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and net primary production (NPP) (Gattuso et al 1996;Watanabe et al 2006;Andersson and Gledhill 2013;Lantz et al 2013;Mackenzie and Andersson 2013). If TA and DIC decrease at a rate greater than one, calcification exceeds primary production and if TA and DIC decrease at a rate less than one, primary production exceeds calcification.…”

Section: Ta: Dic Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Assessment of CO2–Carbonic Acid System Dynamics in a Pristine Coral Reef Ecosystem, French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

et al. 2017

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Observations of surface seawater fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO 2 ) and pH were collected over a period of several days at French Frigate Shoals (FFS) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) in order to gain an understanding of the natural spatiotemporal variability of the marine inorganic carbon system in a pristine coral reef ecosystem. These data show clear island-to-open ocean gradients in fCO 2 and total alkalinity that can be measured 10-20 km offshore, indicating that metabolic processes influence the CO 2 -carbonic acid system over large areas of ocean surrounding FFS and by implication the islands and atolls of the NWHI. The magnitude and extent of this spatial gradient may be driven by a combination of physical and biogeochemical processes including reef water residence time, hydrodynamic forcing of currents and tidal flow, and metabolic processes that occur both on the reef and within the lagoon.

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“…In addition to physical and environmental forcings, organic and inorganic metabolic processes significantly alter the chemical properties of the water. Photosynthesis and respiration and calcification and dissolution are opposing forces for changes in pCO 2 (Smith and Key 1975) and other components of the carbonate system (Morse and Mackenzie 1990;Gattuso et al 1993Gattuso et al , 1996Yates and Halley 2006). Thus, determination of the physical and biological forcings driving changes is often difficult.…”

Section: Coral Reef Metabolism In Coastal Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decreases in wind speed suppress air-sea exchange (Wanninkhof 1992;Fagan and Mackenzie 2007) and could decrease surface current velocities, which in turn may reduce the flushing of reef ecosystems and increase the residence time of waters within the lagoon. Additionally, islands located at the southern end of the chain (e. carbon parameters (Shamberger et al 2011) and increases fCO 2 through the processes of calcification and organic matter decomposition (Gattuso et al 1996;Suzuki and Kawahata 1999;Kayanne et al 2005). …”

Section: August 2011 Transectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the great physical and biological heterogeneity of these environments (Gattuso et al 1996;Lantz et al 2013), spatial and temporal variations in the parameters of the CO 2 -carbonic acid system are large and often difficult to assess accurately over time (Drupp et al 2013). In addition to physical and environmental forcings, organic and inorganic metabolic processes significantly alter the chemical properties of the water.…”

Section: Coral Reef Metabolism In Coastal Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latitudinal Trends and Drivers in the CO2–Carbonic Acid System of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

et al. 2015

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Emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere and the consequent effects of climate change and ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems have motivated significant interest in describing and understanding the CO 2 -carbonic acid system of diverse coral reef environments. Although numerous studies have been successful in monitoring reef metabolism both in the field and in the laboratory, physical and biological forcings produce distinct conditions among environments. Due to the geographic isolation and associated difficulties with measuring marine carbon chemistry in waters of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), relatively few studies have described the CO 2 -carbonic acid system and carbonate saturation state gradients of these waters. Yet, PMNM remains one of the largest conservation areas in the world with extensive and diverse coral reef ecosystems that could offer valuable insight into our current and future understanding about regional and global impacts of ocean acidification. In order to provide a broad overview of latitudinal trends and features of the marine carbon system in PMNM waters, continuous measurements for surface seawater fugacity of CO 2 (fCO 2 ) and pH were collected during August 2011 and July 2012 cruises of the NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai. These 123Aquat Geochem (2015) 21:535-553 DOI 10.1007/s10498-015-9273-z measurements indicate that pH and fCO 2 are three times more variable in nearshore monument waters relative to open ocean transect measurements. This variability can be observed up to 50 km away from the nearest reef and is likely the result of the direct and significant impact of coral reef metabolism on marine carbon chemistry around the islands and atolls. The relationship between total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with net calcification which creates an alkalinity sink throughout PMNM waters. Additionally, our measurements show clear latitudinal trends in fCO 2 , pH, and aragonite saturation state that are influenced by environmental forcings, including temperature, wind speed, and residence time of the water. Collectively, our results suggest that coral reefs located at the northernmost atolls of PMNM may be the most susceptible to the adverse impacts of climate change and ocean acidification.

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Carbon fluxes in coral reefs. I. Lagrangian measurement of community metabolism and resulting air-sea CO2 disequilibrium

Cited by 170 publications

References 20 publications

Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform

Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform

Spatiotemporal Assessment of CO2–Carbonic Acid System Dynamics in a Pristine Coral Reef Ecosystem, French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Latitudinal Trends and Drivers in the CO2–Carbonic Acid System of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

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