Carbon foams for thermal management

Gallego, Nidia C.; Klett, James W.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(03)00091-5

Cited by 383 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…However, the low thermal conductivity of these materials is a significant issue [30,31]. To overcome this limitation recent research has increasingly focused on developing composites with graphite foams, to improve the thermal performance of the PCMs [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of graphite foams for simultaneous collection and storage of concentrated solar energy

Badenhorst

Fox

Mutalib

2016

Carbon

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Graphite foams of varying composition and density were prepared using a low cost, local pitch material and expandable graphite for use in solar energy capture. The foams have a high degree of graphitization but exhibit a fine mosaic texture. A small oxidative treatment (6% mass loss) was necessary to fully open the foam pores. As the density is reduced a large decrease in the foam surface area was observed. Despite this, an increase in solar energy capture efficiency was measured due to increased circulation through the foam. By varying foam geometry and the concentration ratio it was demonstrated that the receiver size can be reduced by 75% at the same efficiency.The foam with the lowest density was used to test the thermal performance of a simultaneous energy capture and storage concept using a phase change material. The melting time of the phase change material is reduced by 46% whilst only reducing the energy storage density by 18%. In addition it was found that the foam composite resulted in more ideal phase transition behaviour due to the elimination of incongruent melting. The composite can effectively capture, store and discharge thermal energy, at a constant temperature, without any additional requirements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of graphite foams for simultaneous collection and storage of concentrated solar energy

Badenhorst

Fox

Mutalib

2016

Carbon

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“…Recently, it has attracted lot of attention owing to outstanding properties such as low density, large surface area with open cell wall structure, good thermal and mechanical stability (Gallego and Klett 2003;Inagaki et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel nanoparticles embedded in carbon foam for improving electromagnetic shielding effectiveness

2014

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To improve electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of light weight carbon foam (CF), magnetic nanoparticles were embedded in it during processing. The CF was developed from the coal tar pitch and mixture of coal tar pitch-Nickel (Ni) nanoparticles by sacrificial template technique and heat treated to up 1,000°C. To ascertain the effect of Ni nanoparticles embedded in CF, it was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, vector network analyzer and vibration sample magnetometer. It is observed that Ni nanoparticles embedded in the carbon material play an important role for improving the structure and electrical conductivity of CF-Ni by catalytic carbonization. The structural investigation suggests that the Ni nanoparticles embedded in the carbon material in bulk as well on the surface of CF. The CF demonstrates excellent shielding response in the frequency range 8.2-12.4 GHz in which total shielding effectiveness (SE) dominated by absorption losses. The total SE is -25 and -61 dB of CF and CF-Ni, it is governed by absorption losses -48.5 dB in CF-Ni. This increase is due to the increase in dielectric and magnetic losses of ferromagnetic Ni nanoparticles with high surface area. Thus, light weight CF embedded with small amount of magnetic nanoparticles can be useful material for stealth technology.

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“…Gallego et al [11] demonstrated that the foam-based heat sink can be used to reduce the volume of the required cooling fluid or eliminate the water cooling system altogether. In terms of thermal performance, the graphite foam is much better than the aluminum.…”

Section: Electronic Package Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Graphite Foam as Thermal Material for Heat Exchangers

Lin¹,

Yuan²,

Sundén³

2011

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Due to the increased power consumptions in equipment, the demand of effective cooling methods becomes crucial. Because of the small scale spherical pores, graphite foam has huge specific surface area. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of graphite foam is four times that of copper. The density of graphite foam is only 20 % of that of aluminum. Thus, the graphite foam is considered as a novel highly -conductive porous material for high power equipment cooling applications. However, in the commercial market, aluminum and copper are still the preferred materials for thermal management nowadays. In order to promote the graphite foam as a thermal material for heat exchangers, an overall understanding of the graphite foam is needed. This paper describes the structure of the graphite foam. Based on the special structure, the thermal properties and the flowing characteristics of graphite foam are outlined and discussed. Furthermore, the application of graphite foam as a thermal material for heat exchangers is highlighted for electronic packages and vehicle cooling systems. The physical problems and other aspects, which might block the development of graphite foam heat exchangers, are pointed out. Finally, several useful conclusions and suggestions are given to promote the development of graphite foam heat exchangers.

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Carbon foams for thermal management

Cited by 383 publications

References 1 publication

The use of graphite foams for simultaneous collection and storage of concentrated solar energy

The use of graphite foams for simultaneous collection and storage of concentrated solar energy

Nickel nanoparticles embedded in carbon foam for improving electromagnetic shielding effectiveness

Review on Graphite Foam as Thermal Material for Heat Exchangers

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