Carbon Footprint and Feedstock Quality of a Real Biomass Power Plant Fed with Forestry and Agricultural Residues

Abstract

Phasing out fossil fuels to renewables is currently a global priority due to the climate change threat. Advocacy for biomass use as an energy source requires assessing the quality biomass and ecological impacts of bioenergy supply chains. This study evaluated the quality of biomass residues from orchards and silviculture transported from different Northern and Central Italy locations and the carbon footprint of a biomass power plant. The total greenhouse emissions were calculated based on primary data for 2017 according to the ISO/TS 14067. All the residue samples showed their suitability for biofuel use. Ash content was relatively low on average (3–5% d.m.), except for grapevine residues (18% d.m.). The lower heating value was within the expected range of 15–21 MJ kg−1 for plant species. The average GHG emission from the power plant was 17.4 g CO2 eq./MJ of electrical energy, with the energy conversion (38%) and transportation of biomass (34%) phases being the main impact contributors. For this study, impacts of residual agricultural residue were about half that of residues from forest management, mainly due to chipping and greater transport distance. Results show that sourcing residual biomass materials for electricity generation close to power plants significantly reduce GHG emissions compared to conventional fossil fuels.

Plant Biomass Conversion to Vehicle Liquid Fuel as a Path to Sustainability

“…Phasing out fossil fuels to renewables is currently a global priority due to the climate change threat. Advocacy for biomass use as an energy source requires assessing the quality of biomass and the ecological impacts of bioenergy supply chains [1]. Biofuels are a renewable energy source representing an alternative to the use of fossil fuels in the transport sector.…”

Modelling of Change in Fuel Mix within a District Heating Network

“…In addition to the fact that some types of resources are currently entirely exempt from the payment of emission allowances, from the point of view of life cycle assessment (LCA), for example, the use of biomass for energy purposes is considered a renewable resource associated with a specific carbon footprint. Ilari et al [9] performed an LCA analysis of a biomass power plant burning residual biomass in Italy. In this case, CO 2 eq production was found to be reduced by 90.5% as compared to a reference fossil fuel plant.…”