Carbon footprint calculation in one of the largest Gas Refinery Companies in the Middle East

Eslamidoost, Zahra; Arabzadeh, Morteza; Oskoie, Vahide; Dehghani, Samaneh

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-21482-6

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Several companies and organizations have taken the initiative to determine their own carbon footprints over the past 10 years. The risk associated with global warming has recently been calculated by various organizations, including universities, the service sector, the cement industry, the gas refinery industry, the wine industry, the automotive industry, telecommunications companies, and logistics services (Alvarez and Rubio 2015 ; Cagiao et al 2011 ; Eslamidoost et al 2022 ; Karalis and Kanakoudis 2023 ; Lee and Cheong 2011 ; Radonjič and Tompa 2018 ; Robinson et al 2018 ; Ruževičius and Dapkus 2018 ; Saenz et al 2016 ). The low-carbon environmental protection of the whole industry has a significant impact on climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of organizational carbon footprints in a denim-washing company: a systematic approach to indirect non-energy emissions

Aykaç Özen,

Vayiç,

Çoruh

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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As stated in the 2016 Paris Agreement, concerns about global climate change and carbon emissions have increased, and organizations, in particular, have embarked on an annual measurement process to estimate their contribution to global climate change. Carbon footprint, one of the measurement methods, is a widely applied tool to assess the environmental impact of organizations. This study presents a real case study of a denim-washing company’s activities based on ISO standard calculation methods of greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, the annual carbon footprint of the denim-washing company was 2482.09 tCO2e for the year 2021 in total for the overall carbon footprint. Direct emission was calculated at 1575.75 tCO2e, indirect energy–related emission at 798.09 tCO2e, and indirect non-energy–related emission at 108.25 tCO2e. The highest CO2 emissions are related to heating from greenhouse gas direct emission sources, followed by purchased electricity consumption, and the lowest CO2 emissions are related to fire–CO2 tube storage. In conclusion, this study is particular in that it analyzes not only the specific processes of a denim-washing company but also the overall organizational carbon footprint calculation, assesses the importance of indirect non-energy in the total carbon footprint, and evaluates the calculation findings with sector-specific mitigation strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of organizational carbon footprints in a denim-washing company: a systematic approach to indirect non-energy emissions

Aykaç Özen,

Vayiç,

Çoruh

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The carbon footprint of petroleum refining spans from crude oil extraction to the final distribution of refined products [4]. Each stage entails high-energy operations, chemical transformations, and the use of materials with a high carbon footprint, resulting in substantial emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases [5]. Between 2000 and 2021, cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from refineries totaled approximately 341 billion tons, with an average annual growth rate of 0.7% [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Promoting Role of Renewable Hydrogen in the Transformation of Petroleum Refining Pathways

Shi,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Processes

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The refining industry is shifting from decarbonization to hydrogenation for processing heavy fractions to reduce pollution and improve efficiency. However, the carbon footprint of hydrogen production presents significant environmental challenges. This study couples refinery linear programming models with life cycle assessment to evaluate, from a long-term perspective, the role of low-carbon hydrogen in promoting sustainable and profitable hydrogenation refining practices. Eight hydrogen-production pathways were examined, including those based on fossil fuels and renewable energy, providing hydrogen for three representative refineries adopting hydrogenation, decarbonization, and co-processing routes. Learning curves were used to predict future hydrogen cost trends. Currently, hydrogenation refineries using fossil fuels benefit from significant cost advantages in hydrogen production, demonstrating optimal economic performance. However, in the long term, with increasing carbon taxes, hydrogenation routes will be affected by the high carbon emissions associated with fossil-based hydrogen, losing economic advantages compared to decarbonization pathways. With increasing installed capacity and technological advancements, low-carbon hydrogen is anticipated to reach cost parity with fossil-based hydrogen before 2060. Coupling renewable hydrogen is expected to yield the most significant economic advantages for hydrogenation refineries in the long term. Renewable hydrogen drives the transition of refining processing routes from a decarbonization-oriented approach to a hydrogenation-oriented paradigm, resulting in cleaner refining processes and enhanced competitiveness under emission-reduction pressures.

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Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines

Ingo,

Tuuf,

Björklund‐Sänkiaho

2024

Energy Science & Engineering

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Internal combustion engines (ICEs) can be used in power plants to ensure flexibility in electricity generation. The use of carbon‐free fuels, such as hydrogen and ammonia, in ICEs is a way to decrease greenhouse gas emissions gradually until new carbon‐neutral technology has been fully implemented. By mixing small amounts of these compounds into natural gas (NG), the gas quality requirements can still be achieved and the modification work on the engine can be minimized. In this study, the CO2eq emission intensity was calculated for different NG compositions blended with hydrogen or ammonia while the mixture was within the gas quality specifications. The results showed that the addition of ammonia reduces the CO2eq emission intensity more than hydrogen and that the reduction depends on the NG quality. By utilizing H2‐NG and NH3‐NG mixtures as fuels in ICEs, the emissions can be reduced by 37%–44% and 3%–8%, respectively, compared to engines running on diesel oil or natural gas. The novelty of this study is to demonstrate the potential of cutting GHG emissions in power production using ICEs, new fuel blends, and fulfilling existing fuel requirements agreed on for engines.

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Carbon footprint calculation in one of the largest Gas Refinery Companies in the Middle East

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Assessment of organizational carbon footprints in a denim-washing company: a systematic approach to indirect non-energy emissions

Assessment of organizational carbon footprints in a denim-washing company: a systematic approach to indirect non-energy emissions

A Study on the Promoting Role of Renewable Hydrogen in the Transformation of Petroleum Refining Pathways

Potential for Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions With the Addition of Hydrogen or Ammonia to Different Natural Gas Compositions—Application in Internal Combustion Engines

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