Carbon Footprint of a Port Infrastructure from a Life Cycle Approach

Reyes, Rodrigo Saravia de Los; Fernández-Sánchez, Gonzalo; Esteban, María Dolores; Rodríguez, Raúl Rubén

doi:10.3390/ijerph17207414

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…With the results obtained in Tables 4-6, it is possible to obtain the levels of emissions of the main GHG, which correspond to CO 2 , Methane (CH 4 ), Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF 6 ) [51] in the Ports of Valparaíso, San Antonio and Valencia.…”

Section: Calculation Of Emission Of Ghgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Port Layout to Determine Greenhouse Gas Emission Gaps

2022

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Ports are of great strategic importance for a country. Nowadays, compliance with environmental requirements is required, forcing the migration towards clean energies. Therefore, it is necessary for emerging ports, as those in developed countries, to incorporate in their policies the use of electric power in the machinery that moves containers in the terminals. To learn how the problem is addressed in other countries, an extensive bibliographic review is presented. Then, the energy policies and criteria of a group of ports in an emerging country and a European port are studied. Subsequently, in order to determine the gaps between the ports investigated, the layout of the cargo yard of each of the terminals is optimized; the emissions of co2 and other ghg gases are calculated; and finally, the decrease in emissions when switching from diesel to electricity is estimated. The strategic and operational gaps related to energy management between the emerging and developed countries are discussed. It is concluded that research is needed to investigate how these initiatives impact the city and improve other sustainable aspects.

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Section: Calculation Of Emission Of Ghgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Port Layout to Determine Greenhouse Gas Emission Gaps

2022

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“…From a cost life cycle approach, maintenance is acquiring more and more importance, with costs between 25 and 60% [5,6]. Considering the aggressive environment of this kind of project, the quality of materials is essential for conservation and maintenance activities [7][8][9][10]. In this sense, some of the main pathologies caused by such environment are used in the case study (cracks, corrosion, and breaking of concrete blocks).…”

Section: Challenges and Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials used in the construction stage have a direct impact on the life cycle of ports in a sustainable and carbon footprint approach [7] but also on operational activities during conservation and the durability of the infrastructure [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the BIM Method in the Management of the Maintenance in Port Infrastructures

Valdepeñas

Pérez

Henche

et al. 2020

JMSE

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This work represents a paradigm shift in the approach to manage port infrastructure maintenance where the use of the building information modeling (BIM) method is very scarce, and it is now beginning. The new infrastructure conservation management method proposed in this manuscript combines traditional methods with new technology, covering the gap of the implementation of BIM in port maintenance. This new technology is the BIM method, and its use is already mandatory in public infrastructure projects in some countries. In this work, the BIM method is applied to the management of the conservation of port infrastructures to show the benefits that can be obtained using it. After the analysis of the state of the art in the conservation of port infrastructures, two of the main maritime works of the Outer Port of A Coruña were modeled in Revit. This as-built model serves as an inventory model and forms a large database of all the information regarding the conservation of the structures. In this way, all the data on the conservation of the port’s infrastructures are concentrated in a single source of information in which, in addition, there is a three-dimensional and georeferenced representation of the port in question. The main finding of this work is the development of a step by step method to implement BIM philosophy in port maintenance, highlighting the positive and negative points detected during the validation of the method in a real case, detecting future improvement research lines. Although BIM has a lot of advantages and possibilities just now, some improvements are still necessary.

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“…For a port infrastructure in Spain, primary emissions occur during the construction phase, close to 100% of the total emissions, rather than the operation and maintenance phases. 86% are from the machinery for construction, and the remaining 14% are from material use (de los Reyes et al, 2020). For wastewater infrastructure in Delhi, India, the share of energy used during the operation phase is 70%, and the share of energy embodied in construction materials is 30% (Singh & Kansal, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbon footprint of capital formation: An empirical analysis on its relationship with a country's income growth

Kobayakawa

2021

J of Industrial Ecology

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Infrastructure development, often referred to as fixed capital formation, is imperative for developing countries not only to provide essential services but also to drive their economic activities. Capital investments, on the other hand, have been accused of expediting resource depletion and environmental degradation, including climate change, because infrastructure construction requires significant amounts of resource and energy inputs that inevitably accompany carbon dioxide emissions. Considering that the upscaling of Western‐type infrastructure stocks to the global level may easily compromise the 2°C target under the Paris Agreement, it is crucial to understand how capital formation by developing countries affects their carbon footprint (CF) and explore ways to avoid its excessive accumulation. This study aims to empirically find out how CF from capital formation evolves along various countries' development pathways by employing the multi‐regional input–output model with a particular focus on the gross fixed capital formation as the final‐demand category. It also aims to identify well‐performing countries that make growth with fewer CFs from capital formation and assess the reasons behind it through structural decomposition analysis. It has been found that the developing countries that invested in more carbon‐intensive capital formation achieved faster economic growth. In order to pursue carbon‐neutral growth globally, these countries need to lower their CFs through the proactive improvement of their emission coefficient and energy efficiencies. Proper environmental space for CF accumulation needs to be left for the low‐income developing countries to make investments for their future capital formation and income growth.

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Carbon Footprint of a Port Infrastructure from a Life Cycle Approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Optimization of Port Layout to Determine Greenhouse Gas Emission Gaps

Optimization of Port Layout to Determine Greenhouse Gas Emission Gaps

Application of the BIM Method in the Management of the Maintenance in Port Infrastructures

The carbon footprint of capital formation: An empirical analysis on its relationship with a country's income growth

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