Carbon Hybrids Graphite-Hard Carbon and Graphite-Coke as Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries Charge/Discharge Characteristics

Abstract

Electrochemical characteristics of the hybrid carbon (HC) graphite-hard carbon and graphite-coke have been investigated for the application of these materials as negative electrodes in lithium secondary batteries with a long cycle life. The graphite-hard carbon HC showed a higher reversible lithium capacity and better cycle performance than did the graphite-coke HC. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to analyze the deterioration mechanisms of the graphite-HC and graphite-coke HC. The decomposition products after the charge/discharge cycles were considered to be LiF and a carbonate compound, and the increase in inactive lithium in the decomposition products for the graphite-hard carbon HC was smaller than that for the graphite-coke HC. Therefore, it was thought that the graphite-hard carbon HC negative electrode suppressed the decomposition of the electrolyte and showed better cycle performance than did the graphite-coke HC negative electrode. Consequently, graphite-hard carbon HC is a promising negative electrode material for long-life lithium secondary batteries for dispersed-type energy storage systems. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

Life cycle assessment of sodium-ion batteries

“…The Na-ion battery subject to assessment is based on a layered oxide cathode in combination with a hard carbon anode, the most extensively studied and currently most promising material combination for such batteries. 3,25,26 As a composite cathode, a layered oxide in combination with an organic binder (polyvinylidene fluoride; PVdF) is used. 27 The composite anode is based on a hard carbon active material produced from a carbohydrate precursor (sugar), and a water-based binder, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in combination with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).…”

Hard carbon enveloped with graphene networks as lithium ion battery anode

“…Hard carbon (HC) has been demonstrated to be one of the most promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (740 mAh g À 1 ), which is expected to meet the requirements of future energy storage systems [1][2][3]. Unfortunately, due to considerable hetero atoms or radicals in hard carbon, absorbed species and formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the active material surface, the irreversible capacity is commonly too high ( 4150 mAh g À 1 ) during the first lithium ion insertion/extraction.…”

Carbon Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…110,111 Recently, a graphite-hard carbon hybrid material has been proposed by Sanyo as promising negative electrode material. 615 From Figure 7.10 (Chapter 4.1) showing the fi rst galvanostatic lithium insertion/de-insertion cycles of a typical pitch-based hard carbon, the kinetic limitation of the lithium insertion process in the potential range negative to 0.1 V vs. Li/Li + becomes obvious. The latter could be a possible reason for the slightly reduced cycling stability of the cells at high currents if the whole achievable voltage range is utilized.…”