2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-0775-3
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Carbon intensity of global crude oil refining and mitigation potential

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Cited by 112 publications
(74 citation statements)
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References 30 publications
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“…DG Climate reported that its refining footprints are "in line with CONCAWE model used in JEC for conventional crude chains" [22]. The PRELIM consortium [3] reported a footprint range for all refined products of 1.7-12.3 g CO 2 e/MJ.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 93%
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“…DG Climate reported that its refining footprints are "in line with CONCAWE model used in JEC for conventional crude chains" [22]. The PRELIM consortium [3] reported a footprint range for all refined products of 1.7-12.3 g CO 2 e/MJ.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…According to Masnadi et al [2], production carbon intensities (CIs) have national averages that range from around 3-20 g CO 2 e/MJ, spread around a global average of 10.3, whilst some individual oil fields have CIs as high as 50. Jing et al [3] report national average production CIs ranging from 3.3 g CO 2 e/MJ in Denmark to 29.2 g in the Democratic Republic of Congo.…”
Section: Introduction and Objectivementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…DG Climate reports that its refining footprints are "in line with CONCAWE model used in JEC for conventional crude chains" (DG Climate et al, 2020, p 294). The PRELIM consortium (Jing et al, 2020) reports a footprint range for all refined products of 1.7-12.3 g CO2e/MJ.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to (Masnadi et al, 2018), production carbon intensities (CIs) have national averages that range from around 3-20 g CO2e/MJ, spread around a global average of 10.3, whilst some individual oil fields have CIs as high as 50. (Jing et al, 2020) report national-average production CIs ranging from 3.3 g CO2e/MJ in Denmark to 29.2 g in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This variation in production has been recognised by regulators in the recent revisions of the European Union's Fuel Quality Directive (DG Energy European Commission, Exergia, E3M Lab, & COWI, 2015) (Malins, Galarza, Baral, Brandt, El-Houjeiri, et al, 2014) .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%